주한미육군사령부 정보참모부 정기보고

G-2 PERIODIC REPORT From: 090800/I Dec 48 To : 100800/I Dec 48 Secret Headquarters, USAFIK Seoul, Korea 1000/I 10 December 1948 PART I SOUTH KOREA No. 1009 MAPS: KOREA, 1/250,000 Eastern ASIA 1/1,000,000 Historical 1. ARMED FORCES Negative 2. CURRENT INTELLIGENCE a. United Nations Activities UN Political Committee Approves US Resolution on KOREA On 08 December, PARIS time, the Political Committee of the UN General Assembly passed the US Resolution on KOREA by a vote of 41 to 6. Although action by the Political Committee does not constitute a decision by the United Nations, every nation is represented on the Political Committee, and the vote in the General Assembly is expected to duplicate that of the Committee. The text of the Resolution follows. (For Korean reaction see Psychological). "Having regard to its resolution No. 112 of November 14, 1947, concerning the problem of the independence of Korea: "Having considered the report of the United Nations temporary commission on Korea (Hereinafter referred to as the "Temporary Commission"), and the report of the interim committee regarding its consultation with the Temporary Commission: "Mindful of the fact that due to difficulties referred to in the report of the Temporary Commission, the objectives set forth in the resolution of November 14, 1947, have not been fully accomplished: and in particular that unification in Korea has not yet been achieved: "1. Approves the conclusions of the report of the Temporary Commission: "2. Declares that there has been established a lawful Government (the Government of the Republic of Korea), having effective control and jurisdiction over that part of Korea where the Temporary Commission was able to observe and consult and in which the great majority of the people of all Korea reside: that this Government is based on elections which were a valid ex- pression of the free will of the electorate of that part of Korea and which were observed by the Temporary Commission, and that this is the only such Government in Korea: "3. Recommends that the occupying powers withdraw their occupation forces from Korea as early as practicable: "4. Resolves that, as a means to the full accomplishment of the objectives set forth in the Resolution of November 14, 1947, a commission on Korea consisting of (possibly Australia, Brazil, China, France, India, Philippines, Turkey) be established to continue the work of the Temporary Commission and carry out the provisions of the present resolution, having in mind the status of the Government of the Republic of Korea as herein defined, and in particu- lar to: -1- Secret DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 263070 XXIV CORPS G-2 F/R #1009 Secret "A. Lend its good offices to bring about the unification of Korea and the integration of all Korean security forces in accordance with the principles laid down by the General Assembly in the resolution of November 14, 1947: "B. Seek to facilitate the removal of barriers to economic, social, and other friendly intercourse caused by the division of Korea: "C. Be available for observation and consultation in the further development of representative Government based on the freely expressed will of the people: "D. Observe the actual withdrawal of the occupying forces and verify the fact of withdrawal when such has occurred: and for this purpose, if it so desires, request the assistance of military experts of the two occupying powers: "5. Decides that the Commission: "A. Shall, within thirty days of the adoption of this resolution, proceed to Korea, where it shall maintain its seat: "B. Shall be regarded as having superseded the Temporary Commission established by the resolution of November 14, 1947: "C. Is authorized to travel, consult and observe throughout Korea: "D. Shall determine its own procedures: "E. May consult with the interim committee with respect to the discharge of its duties in the light of developments and within the terms of this resolution: "F. Shall render a report to the next regular session of the General Assembly and to any prior special session which might be called to consider the subject matter of this resolution, and shall render such interim report as it may deem appropriate to the Secretary-General for distribution to members: "6. Requests that the Secretary-General provide the Commission with adequate staff and facilities, including technical advisors as required: and authorizes the Secretary-General to pay the expenses and per diem of a representative and an alternate from each of the States members of the Commission: "7. Calls upon member states concerned, the Government of the Republic of Korea, and all Koreans to afford every assistance and facility to the Commission in the fulfillment of its responsibilities: "8. Calls upon member states to refrain from any acts derogatory to the results achieved and to be achieved by the UN in bringing about the complete independence and unity of Korea: "9. Recommends that member states and other nations, in establishing their relations with the Government of Korea, take into consideration the facts set out in paragraph (2) of this resolution." COMMENT: Though it is not certain that many Koreans realize that the General Assembly still must vote on the question, the action of the Political Committee will contribute to the stability of the Government. See also Psychological below. Secret -2- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 74650 XXIV CORPS G-2 P/R #1009 SECRET b. Governmental Activities Negative c. Civil Unrest (1) Raiders Activities in CHUNGCHONG-PUKTO (Confidential) On 06 December 20 raiders were arrested while enroute from CHECHON (1110-1590) to TANYANG (1130-1560), alleged headquarters of the raiders in South KOREA. The raiders, disguised as beggars and farmers, had purchased food and clothing in CHECHON. Upon interrogation the prisoners stated that there were 20 more raiders hiding in the TANYANG mining area. Police and Constabulary units were sent to the area to round up the group that is hiding. (Police report) The Constabulary killed 1 raider and captured 1 Japanese rifle in the TANYANG area on 08 December. The Constabulary estimate there are approximately 40 raiders in the area, in isolated groups of 1 to 2 persons in each group. (Constabulary report) On 08 December 5 raiders, armed with Japanese M-99 rifles and 1 hand grenade, entered a home in TAE HWA Myun (1140-1630) and demanded food. Police investigated but the raiders were not apprehended. (Police report) See P/R #1008 and page 6, W/S #167. (2) Roundup of Constabulary Mutineers in KYONGSANG-PUKTO (Confidential) As of 07 December it was reported that 34 men of the Constabulary unit which mutinied on 06 December were still missing. Also 46 M-1 rifles, 6 carbines, 2000 rounds of M-1 ammunition, 320 rounds of carbine ammunition and 1230 rounds of 50 caliber ammunition were missing. (Constabulary report) On 08 December 16 mutineers were reportedly surrounded by elements of the 6th Regiment at BINJU Dong (1150-1450). Results of the action are not yet known. (Constabulary report) (3) Police Arrests in South KOREA (Confidential) In the recent mass arrest program (see page 2, P/R #1005) on 04-05 December 1948, the Police, in an attempt to apprehend all leftists and leftist sympathizers in South KOREA, have arrested a total of 2,471 persons. COMMENT: No figures are available concerning the number of persons released or held for prosecution. (See page 10, W/S #153 and page 12, W/S #166) (4) Raiders Ordered not to Attack Constabulary (Confidential) It was reported on 07 December that the North Korea People's Army had issued instructions to their raiders in South KOREA to refrain from attacks on the Constabulary and concentrate on the police. (B-3) COMMENT: It appears that the communists are continuing their policy of exploitation of the natural antagonism between the police and civilians. SECRET -3- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 74570 XXIV CORPS G-2 P/R #1009 Secret d. Communists Violence (Confidential) (Note: The following charts do not include any figures on the YOSU, TAEGU or the KANGWON DO outbreaks) (1) Weekly Violence Summary for period 03-10 December KYONGSANG KANGWON DO CHEJU DO TOTAL PUKTO Attacks on Police 1 1 Communist killed 3 105 108 Attacks on Govt Bldgs 1 1 (2) Delayed Reports Which were not Previously Reported (P/R #1003, page 4) KYONGSANG CHUNGCHONG CHUNGCHONG. TOTAL PUKTO NAMDO PUKTO Attacks on towns 1 1 Rightist killed 1 1 2 Attacks on Govt Bldgs 1 1 Demonstrations 1 1 e. Other Violence (1) A Summary of Acts of Violence on the Part of Persons of Unknown Political Affiliations for the Period 03-10 December SEOUL CHUNGCHONG KYONGSANG KYONGSANG TOTAL NAMDO NAMDO PUKTO Attacks on Individuals 1 2 1 4 Attacks on Rightists 1 1 (2) No rightist-inspired acts of violence were reported during the period 03-10 December 1948. 3. PSYCHOLOGICAL Reaction to the UN Political Committee's Vote on the KOREAN Question (Confidential) Director of Public Information KIM Dong Sung said that the action of the UN Political Committee on the Korean question (see CURRENT, above) resulted in nationwide "rejoicing" among the Korean people. KIM Dong Sung, together with the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Prime Minister, and the President each issued statements to the local press lauding the Political Committee's vote, which was heavily in favor of recognition of the Republic of Korea as the legally constituted government. The government immediately undertook the spreading of the news in a broad publicity program--including the press, radio, and leaflets--which began on 09 December and is scheduled to continue through 15 December, when, at 1100 hours, celebrations commemorating the action are to be held throughout the Republic. COMMENT: An over-enthusiastic publicity campaign may convey to the Korean masses that the Republic has already been granted full recognition by the United Nations. Should anything cause General Assembly action to be delayed, therefore, an unhealthy relapse may occur. 4. SABOTAGE AND ESPIONAGE Negative Secret DECLASSIFIED NND 775070 Authority ________ -4- XXIV CORPS G-2 P/R #1009 Secret 5. WAR POTENTIAL a. Economic (1) Progress of the Grain Purchasing Program (Confidential) Korean authorities reported that a total of 1,741,687 suk of rice has been collected throughout South KOREA as of 08 December 1948. The weekly collection maintained a 400,000 suk average which, according to the Korean authorities, will enable the government to obtain the 7½ million suk quota. (see page 2, P/R #1003). COMMENT: This represents about 25% of the quota. American advisors now estimate that only 50% of the quota will be collected. American Advisors state that many farmers are extremely disgruntled with the government's payment of 2,000 won per suk plus 1,200 won certificates with which to purchase goods in kind. In many instances, the farmer cannot purchase incentive goods due to poor distribution of such material. (2) Price of Rice in SEOUL (Restricted) The average price of rice on 10 December from 5 open markets in SEOUL was 784 won per small metric mal. (1 small metric mal equals 18.48 lbs) (3) Currency Exchange Rate (Restricted) United States silver certificates equals 1,100 won. Military Payment Certificate equals 450 to 500 won. NOTE: These exchange rates are from the open market in SEOUL. b. Population Progress of Repatriation (Confidential) During the period 25 November to 9 December 2,089 Koreans entered South KOREA from North of the 38th Parallel. A total of 2,186,150 Koreans have entered South KOREA legally from all areas since 15 August 1945. PART II NORTH KOREA 1. ARMED FORCES a. Soviet Forces (1) Withdrawal Soviet Forces from PYONGYANG-MIRIM-NI Area (Secret) Reliable sources report indications that Soviet withdrawal appears to be approaching the final stage. The shelves in Soviet "Commissary" are almost empty and no purchases could be made. Daily observation of Soviets on the streets of PYONGYANG and EAST PYONGYANG reveals a considerable decrease in numbers. (A-1) -5- Secret DECLASSIFIED Authority [illegible] 292 제주4·3사건 추가진상조사자료집 7