주한미육군사령부 정보참모부 주간요약보고

From: 031200/I Sept 48 To : 101200/I Sept 48 Headquarters, USAFIK Seoul, Korea 10 September 1948 SECRET No. 156 MAPS: KOREA, 1/250,000 East ASIA, 1/1,000,000 A. ARMED FORCES 1. Strength (Secret) Police: No Change Constabulary: 52,492 (including 1,188 unsworn recruits and 1,069 absent, missing, or unreported). Coast Guard: 3,028 (including 131 cadets). 2. Operational Activity (Confidential) Border Incidents On 31 August a South Korean policeman was fired on by North Korean Constabularymen and Soviet soldiers. (Police Report) Between 312315 August and 010240 September an American platoon was fired upon by an estimated 20-30 persons. One of the attackers was apparently wounded. (B-2) At 031115 September a North Korean Coast Guard boat captured a South Korean fishing boat at (814.7-1695.4). (C-3) At 090420 September 40 North Korean Constabularymen attacked the South Korean police station at SOKSAN (935.7-1695.3). Between 091217 and 091235 September 9 Soviet fighter planes were observed south of the parallel near KAESONG (957-1692). (B-2) On 09 September an American patrol was fired on by North Korean Constabularymen located at (938.5-1696.5). The patrol returned the fire and the NKC withdrew. (B-2) [TABLE] Border Incidents | 04-11 June | 11-18 June | 18-25 June | 25-02 July | 02-09 July | 09-16 July | 16-23 July | 23-30 July | 30-06 August | 06-13 August | 13-20 August | 20-27 August | 27-03 August-September | 03-10 Sept | TOTAL Korean vs Korean | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 | | 2 | 3 | | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 42 Firing on US Personnel | | 1 | 2 | | 1 | 2 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | | | 1 | 10 Ambushes of US Personnel | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | 1 Soviet Violations of Parallel * | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | 1 | | 2 Korean Violations of Parallel * | 2 | 1 | | 1 | | | 1 | | 1 | | | | | | 6 Soviets vs Koreans | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | | 2 TOTAL | 7 | 8 | 6 | 7 | | 4 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 63 * No firing involved -3- SECRET DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #156 PART I SECRET B. CURRENT INTELLIGENCE 1. National Assembly a. National Traitor Law Passed The National Traitor Law was passed by the National Assembly at the completion of its third reading, on 07 September. -4- SECRET DECLASSIFIED Authority NND745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #156 PART I b. Prime Minister's Report on Transfer Negotiations In compliance with a written request from the National Assembly demonstrating its own impatience and reflecting public sentiment and pressure (see W/S 154, page 16 and W/S 155, page 15), Prime Minister LEE Bum Suk appeared before the legislative chamber to report on the progress of the negotiations being conducted by US and Korean representatives regarding the transfer of administration into the hands of the new government. The Prime Minister stated that he shared the National Assembly's anxiety for the completion of the transfer but that full details pertaining to materials and personnel were still undetermined. He assured the Assembly that he would return to the chamber with complete information on the negotiations when all details became available. c. JAISOHN May Serve Korean Government in 1949 Speaker SHIN Ik Hi informed the Assembly that Philip JAISOHN had expressed his gratitude for the interest the Assembly had shown in securing his services in the new government (W/S 155, page 5) and that he hoped to return to Korea in the spring of 1949 when possibly the political situation in Korea will have changed and certain elements might have abandoned their schemes for using him for their own interests. d. Action on Rhee's Appointments to the UN On 04 September the Assembly took offense at a letter from the President announcing the appointment of representatives to the United Nations General Assembly. Reportedly, objections were raised by HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY members in the National Assembly who stated that the Constitution requires that such correspondence from the executive to the legislative branch of the government requires the signature of Cabinet members. (Actually, Article 66 of the Constitution provides: "The acts of the President pertaining to State affairs shall be executed in written documents and all such documents shall be countersigned by the Prime Minister and the Minister concerned.") With 131 members present, the Assembly voted 71 to 45 to return the letter to the President for the necessary signatures. On 08 September, during the 60th session, it was reported that the letter had not yet been returned by the President. This forced the Assembly to save face by passing the following resolution: "The National Assembly recognizes the appointments of Chang Myun and Chang Ki Yung, elected Representatives of the Korean people, as delegates of the Republic of Korea to the United Nations General Assembly Meeting in Paris." COMMENT: The National Assembly's reaction to Rhee's letter announcing the appointments of the National Assembly Representatives is construed as an attempt by the Hankooks to embarrass Rhee on a technicality, since the Cabinet members, who are appointed and dismissed by the President, can be expected to support the great majority of the President's decisions. 2. AHN Chai Hong Joins NIF On 04 September, at a meeting of the Standing Committee of the NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE FEDERATION, AHN Chai Hong, formerly Civil Administrator in the South Korean Interim Government, was elected to the NIF's Standing Committee. PAK Kun Oong, formerly of the Korean Interim Legislative Assembly, was also elected. The two men filled vacancies created by the resignation of KIM Yak Soo and LEE Chung Kun, who dropped out of the committee when they ran as candidates in the 10 May election (KIM Yak Soo was elected). -5- DECLASSIFIED Authority N[illegible]D 745070 448 제주4·3사건 추가진상조사자료집 6 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #156 PART I Their resignations were volunteered because they had forsaken the basic tenet of the NIF by supporting a "separate" government. COMMENT: Both ...HN and PAK are regarded as moderates of relative prominence. It is expected that the presence of these two individuals in the moderate ranks will strengthen the middle-readers, who are being deserted by their Communist colleagues. ...HN's acceptance of the NIF position is an indication that he probably will not form a new party independent of the FEDERATION. 3. Civil Unrest a. Communist Activities According to reports received from various sources, approximately 120 persons were arrested in South KOREA in July and August for collecting ballots and signatures for the North KOREA elections. These persons were either apprehended while obtaining signatures or while on their way to North KOREA. Approximately one million han marks and signatures on ballots are reported to have been confiscated by South Korean authorities. Substantiating reports of forgeries (4/S #152), a confiscated South Korea Labor Party directive disclosed that the party announced approval of signing ballots on behalf of voters in areas where extreme police suppression prevailed. b. Communist Violence (1) Weekly Violence Summary - Negative (2) Delayed Reports Covering Last Week - Negative (3) 1948 Communist Activities in South Korea JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT* TOTAL Attacks on towns 5 73 9 1 88 Attacks on police 130 118 50 86 12 11 11 2 420 Police killed 33 20 15 34 4 1 5 112 Rightists killed 1 14 14 81 144 51 10 1 1 317 Communists killed 1 74 75 70 155 83 33 22 1 514 Disorders, demonstrations, arson, attacks on rightists' offices and homes 6 118 69 126 196 81 24 12 632 Attacks on government buildings 9 14 2 9 3 37 Sabotage (Communications) 14 53 58 32 57 8 1 223 Sabotage (RR lines) 1 12 6 8 1 28 Sabotage (locomotives) 50 24 74 Sabotage (roads) 13 5 2 5 1 26 Sabotage (bridges) 6 9 5 4 24 Sabotage (power) 7 1 8 Strikes (labor) 14 6 3 16 2 40 Strikes (school) 7 5 4 9 25 *Incomplete c. Other Violence (1) Rightist Terrorism A delayed report disclosed that on 30 August members of the CHANGGI (1245-1445) branch of the UNITED YOUNG MEN'S PARTY seized and severely beat the CHANGGI chairman of the NORTHWEST YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION. The following day, the UYMP attacked the headquarters of the NWYMA and destroyed equipment, supplies and records of that organization. -6DECLASSIFIED Authority N[illegible]O745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #156 PART I (2) A summary of acts of violence on the part of persons of unknown political affiliation as reported up to 10 September 1948, is as follows: Seoul | Kyunggi Do | Kangwon Do | Chungchong Bukdo | Chungchong Pukto | Cholla Nando | Cholla Pukto | Kyungsang Nando | Kyongseng Pukto | Cheju Do | TOTAL Assassination Anti-grain collection Political terrorism Demonstration Resistance to arrest Arson Unclassified Attacks on police Attacks on individuals Sabotage (communications) 2 2 Sabotage (railroad lines) Sabotage (power) Sabotage (bridges) Strikes (labor) Strikes (school) -7- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #156 PART I (3) Delayed Reports covering Last Week Delayed reports of incidents involving other than communists which occurred during the week ending 03 September but which were not carried in last week's summary are: [TABLE WITH COLUMNS: Seoul, Kyonggi Do, Kangwon Do, Chungchong Nando, Chungchong Pukto, Cholla Nando, Kyongsang Nendo, Kyongsang Pukto, Cheju Do, TOTAL, ...] Assassination Anti-grain collection Political terrorism Demonstration Resistance to arrest Arson Unclassified Attacks on police Attacks on individuals 1 1 Sabotage (communications) 1 1 Sabotage (railroad lines) Sabotage (power) Sabotage (bridges) Strikes (labor) Strikes (school) (4) Monthly summary of acts of violence on the part of persons of unknown political affiliation: JULY AUG SEPT* TOTAL Assassination 7 7 Anti-grain collection 9 1 10 Political terrorism 1 1 2 Demonstration 15 2 24 Resistance to arrest 3 2 11 Arson 2 3 5 Unclassified 11 11 22 Attacks on Police Attacks on individuals 4 1 5 Sabotage (communications) 1 4 3 8 Sabotage (railroad lines) Sabotage (power) Sabotage (bridges) Strikes (labor) Strikes (school) 1 1 *Incomplete -8- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND745070 CIVIL UNREST CHART H...NGHAE-DO K...NG...N-Do 38° △ Chunchon △ Seoul 2 S KY...NGGI-Do YELLOW SEA CHUNGCH...NG- CHUNGCH...NG N...DO PUKTO KY...NGSANG△ Chong[illegible]u PUKTO Taejon CH...LL...PUKTO △ Chonju △ Taegu △ Kwangju KYONGSANG-N...DO CH...LL... Pusan N...DO N Jej o SOUTH KOREA Cheju CHEJU-DO LEGEND S SABOTAGE (COMMUNICATIONS) INVOLVING UNKNOWNS -9- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 S/S #156 PART I C. WAR POTENTIAL 1. Economic - Cost of Living Cost of living items in SEOUL were steady during the week ending 04 September. There was no reported change in any prices checked. Source: National Price Administration. Cost of Living Items Checked in SEOUL (27 Aug-03 Sept) Polished rice Matches Flannelette Barley Beef Kwang-mak (cloth) Wheat flour Pork Silk myungju (cloth) Soy beans Eggs Silk sook soo (cloth) Red beans Radishes Anthracite Dried niyungtai (fish) Korean cabbage Firewood Sugar Rubber shoes Cotton socks Salt Laundry soap Charcoal Soy sauce RICE PRICE SUMMARY MONTHLY AVERAGES* Unit: 1 small metric Mal (18.48 lbs) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG 10 SEP SEOUL 817 821 778 721 814 985 1158 1262 1410 KANGWON DO 870 946 849 825 898 1012 1136 ** CHUNGCHONG PUKTO 645 723 719 660 795 1037 990 CHUNGCHONG N.MDO 793 728 674 634 726 946 1037 KYONGSING PUKTO 594 605 552 605 641 888 1081 KYONGSING N.MDO 715 778 715 704 733 955 1070 CHOLLA PUKTO 669 669 605 623 773 935 1036 CHOLLA N.MDO 614 633 559 595 801 963 1109 CHEJU DO 806 748 679 814 806 1051 1[illegible]9 AVERAGE 713 744 681 725 777 978 1146 Source: National Price Administration (except 10 Sept price). * 10 September price: Source: Open markets (5) in SEOUL; price is for the metric small mal (18.48 lbs or 10 liters) ** August provincial averages not available. Currency Exchange Rate: U. S. dollar equals 1100 won (OPEN MARKET) Military script dollar equals 450 won 2. Population a. Surrendered and Disarmed No change: 179,920 b. Progress of Repatriation This Period To Date Japanese Civilians Arriving from N of 38°N KOREA, CHINA and MANCHURIA 0 288,532 -10- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #156 PART I This Period To Date Japanese Evacuated to JAPAN 0 864,933 Total Koreans Returning 3,337 2,165,210 Total Repatriates Moved Since 15 August 1945 3,337 3,050,143 Koreans Apprehended While Attempting Illegal Entry into JAPAN 0 25,243 Source: G-3, XXIV Corps D. PSYCHOLOGICAL Scattered comment referring to the alleged delay in the transfer of government and the provisions of the National Traitor Law (which was passed by the National Assembly during the period) appeared in the editorial pages of Seoul newspapers. Writers appeared to have exhausted their store of invective on the subjects, however, and added nothing to what had already been printed. E. SABOTAGE AND ESPIONAGE On 02 September 25 feet of wire was removed from the line between the SUNG DU Rest Hotel near INCHON and INCHON (960-1630). Between 060300 and 060400 September 2 spans of wire were cut out of the telephone line east of YUNGDUNGPU (960-1630). The wire was later recovered. (A-1) On 082230 September, a patrol discovered that the line from the 1st Replacement Depot (989-1631) to Korea Base Command had been severed. (A-1) COMMENT: It is believed that the intent behind the removal of telephone line is theft rather than sabotage. A 14 year old espionage agent, dispatched from YANGGU (1095.0-1709.8) on 06 September, was apprehended by the SUNGCHUNG (1089.9-1694.1) police. The agent stated he had been sent to South KOREA to observe UP #23 and to obtain troop and transportation information from Communists in CHUNCHON (1170-1680). (Police Report) -11- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070