주한미육군사령부 정보참모부 주간요약보고

PART I SOUTH KOREA From: 301200/I July 48 To: 061200/I August 48 Headquarters, USAFIK Seoul, Korea 06 August 1948 . 151 ps: KOREA, 1/250,000 East ASIA, 1/1,000,000 ARMED FORCES 1. Strength (Secret) Police: No Change Constabulary: 54,630 (including 3,727 recruits and 239 cadets) Coast Guard: 2,689 (including 122 cadets) 2. Operational Activity (Confidential) Border Incidents At 012230 August 4 North Korean Constabularymen fired across e parallel at 2 patrolling South Korean policemen near CHOENG KYO(1165-1697). (C-6) At 032100 August 12 North Korean Constabularymen violated the rallel near WONPYONG NI (1062-1696) and fired on 3 South Korean licemen. (C-3) The following table summarizes reported border incidents since 1 June: BORDER INCIDENTS | 4-11 June | 11-18 June | 18-25 June | 25 June 02 July | 02-09 July | 09-16 July | 16-23 July | 23-30 July | 30 July 06 August | TOTAL orean vs Korean 4 6 4 6 0 2 3 0 2 27 ring on U.S.Personnel 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 7 mbushes of U.S.Personnel 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 oviet iolations of Parallel* 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 orean iolations of Parallel* 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 5 oviets vs Koreans 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 TOTAL 7 8 6 7 0 4 6 2 2 42 *No firing involved COMMENT: No information has been received to explain the recent decrease in the number of reports of border incidents. Althoug it is possible that a decrease in incidents is connected with movements of IN MIN GUN into the area south of the 39th parallel, such decreases have occurred before without explanation. (See II A 1.) 3 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #161 PART I B. CURRENT INTELLIGENCE 1. National Assembly. a. LEE Bum Suk Made Prime Minister The appointment of LEE Bum Suk, President RHEE's second nominee for the post of Prime Minister, (W/S #150, I, B, 1,b), was approved by the National Assembly on 02 August by a vote of 110 to 4, with 3 votes invalid. (For newspaper comment on the appointment, see I, D.) b. Ministers Named During 02 - 05 August the appointment of the eleven department heads -- i.e., ministers -- was announced (see inclosure #1 which is unclassified and may be detached for reference purposes). The appointments, requiring no confirmation by the National Assembly, are: 1. Internal Affairs - YOON Shi Yong -- Age 51; studied in the UNITED STATES; former personal secretary to RHEE Syng Man and an official in numerous organizations headed by RHEE; later joined HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY and was elected to National Assembly while a member of the HDP; resigned from HDP after he rebuked another HDP member of the National Assembly on 30 July for insulting President RHEE by calling him a dictator. 2. Foreign Affairs - CHANG TAIK SANG -- Age 52 (?); graduated from Edinburgh University; member of the HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY; independently wealthy; appointed Chief of Metropolitan Police, Seoul, 12 January 1946; record of effective control of civil disorders. 3. Agriculture and Forestry - CHO Bong Am -- age 50; studied in MOSCOW; formerly active in Communist underground and arrested twice by Japanese; formerly prominent in DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE' FRONT; wrote a letter criticizing policy of PAK, Hun Yung, top South Korean Communist; expelled from Front in June 1946; elected to National Assembly as an independent; reported to call himself an "antiStalin" communist; one of the principal leaders of the Independent Club which contains a pro KIM Koo KIM Kyu Sik bloc. 4 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #151 PART I 4. Commerce and Industry - YIM Yong Sin (Louise YIM) -- Age 48 (?); chairman of WOMEN'S NATIONALIST PARTY, which supports RHEE Syng Man; propagandized Korean independence and RHEE in the UNITED STATES and to UN members since September 1946. 5. Finance - YIM Bo-Yun -- Age 55; educated in JAPAN and the UNITED STATES; prominent in the HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY; elected to Korean Interim Legislative Assembly; Assemblyman; member of National Assembly Liaison Committee. 6. Education - AHN He-Song -- Age 48; educated in GERMANY and ENGLAND; no political affiliations; professor of Philosophy at SEOUL university. 7. Justice - LEE In -- Age 52; educated in JAPAN; member of the HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY; Chief Prosecutor of the Korean Supreme Court. 8. Social Affairs - CHON Chin Han -- Age 48; educated in JAPAN; Assemblyman from KYONGSONG PUITO; Chairman of the GREAT KOREAN INDEPENDENT LABOR LEAGUE (rightist). 9. National Defense - LEE Bum Suk -- Age 49; educated in CHINA; Commander of the Second Detachment of the Korean Restoration (KWANG BOK) Army with headquarters in SIAN, CHINA, 1944; Chief of Staff under LEE Chung Chun, Commander of the KWANG BOK Army and theoretical Commander of the Korean Army and Navy; returned to KOREA from CHINA on 06 June 1946; affiliated with RHEE's National Society; President of the SKIG-sponsored KOREAN NATIONAL YOUTH CORPS appointment as Prime Minister confirmed 02 August 1948. 10. Transportation - MIN Hi Sik -- Age 54; educated in FRANCE, CHINA and UNITED STATES; claims no political affiliations; present Director, Department of Transportation; SKIG. 5 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 288 제주4·3사건 추가진상조사자료집 6 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #15b PART I 11. Communications - YUN Sak Koo -- Age 57; member of the KOREAN INDEPENDENCE PARTY (Kim Koo); elected to YILA; Assemblyman from CHOLLA PUVTO. In addition to the appointment of the eleven department heads, the four offices under the Prime Minister were filled: Office of Public Information - KIM Dong Song -- Age 59; educated in the UNITED STATES; no political affiliation; President of the Korean Pacific Press (handles AP news); member of the Central Election Committee which was designated to conduct and supervise the 10 May election; long known as personal supporter of RHEE. Office of Legislation - YOO Chin O -- Age 55 (?); not a member of the Assembly but aided in the drafting of Assembly Rules, Organization Law, and Constitution; no political affiliation. Office of General Affairs - HO Chong -- Age 53; member of the HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY; assemblyman from KYONGSANG NAMDO; member of the Constitution Drafting Committee. Office of Planning - LEE Kyo Son -- Age 44; educated in the UNITED STATES; no political affiliation; present Director of the Office of Price Administration; SKIG. RHEE's appointment of KIM Byung No as head of the judicial branch of the government was confirmed by the National Assembly on 05 August by a vote of 117 to 31. Courts (Chief Justice of the - KIM Byung No -- Age 55; Supreme Court) formerly a member of the HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY; Director of the Department of Justice, SKIG. COMMENT: The following are among the significant observations made of the RHEE appointments: 6 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #151 PART I a. With the exception of LEE Bum Suk, no one with any large organized following was nominated to the cabinet. LEE Chong Chun, head of the UNITED YOUNG MEN's PARTY, LEE Yoon Yong, leader of a comparatively small group of North Korean conservaties, and KIM Sung Soo, chairman of the influential HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY, are being considered for positions as ministers without portfolio. Last week RHEE publicly stated that KIM Sung Soo would receive "a place no less important than that of Premier." (W/S #150, I, B, 1, 6). b. Probably concessions were made to the non-partisans to gain their support for the LEE Bum Suk appointment. CHO Bong Am and YUN Suk Koo received their assignments, it is believed, as part of the trade. c. Louise YIM's appointment is unsatisfactory to most observers. Resentment among Koreans has been stirred because she is a woman, the first to gain a top position in the government, and possesses no apparent qualificacations for her assignment. Even RHEE does not seem happy about this selection. He stated that the appointment is a temporary, but necessary, concession to her. She prefers the position of Korean representative to the UNITED NATIONS, a post RHEE has refused to grant her. d. CHOUGH Byung Ok, considered a strong prospect for Minister of Foreign Affairs, was reportedly rejected by RHEE because of his action against Metropolitan Police Chief CHANG Taik Sang, whose name has been appearing in most SEOUL newspapers in connection with the death of a Korean who was captured by SEOUL police after an attempted assassination of CHANG several months ago. CHOUGH Byung Ok will probably become a roving ambassador (I, B, 1, d, below). e. The HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY is represented in only one of the the three posts in which the Party was most interested: Finance (KIM Do Yun). The other posts, Prime Minister and Commerce and Industry, went to other individuals. (RHEE has indicated that he is determined to break the HDP. It is also possible that in view of the new status of the South Korean government, RHEE's NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE ACCELERATION OF KOREAN INDEPENDENCE will be given another name.) f. SHIN Ik Hi, Elected Chairman of Assembly SHIN Ik Hi, former Vice Chairman of the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY was elected Chairman of the legislative body on 04 August. KIM Yak Soo, moderate rightist from KYONGSANG HANDO and former member of the Korean Interim Legislative Assembly, was elected to the Vicechairmanship left vacant by SHIN. KIM Dong Won of the HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY is the other Vice Chairman. g. Further Appointments to UN The following persons are President RHEE's tentative appointments as the staff which will represent KOREA at UNITED NATIONS meetings: CHANG Myon, chief delegate; LEE Yoon Yong, alternate; CHOUGH Byung Ok; and HELEN KIM d. Non-Communist Opposition to Separate Governments a. KIM Kyu Sik's Correspondence with North KOREA On 23 July KIM Kyu Sik formulated a statement concerning his stand on separate elections in North and South KOREA. After 7 DECLASSIFIED Authority N NO 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #151 PART I b. Unification Society (1) Standing Committee Formed On 01 August, at a meeting of the Central Executiv Committee of the SOCIETY FOR THE ACCELERATION OF UNIFIED INDEPENDEN a 13-man Standing Committee was selected by a nominating committee 5 men, 2 of whom are from the NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE FEDERATION and 3 from the KOREAN INDEPENDENCE PARTY. The 13 members include 6 from KIM Kyu Sik's NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE FEDERATION, 4 from KIM Koo KOREAN INDEPENDENCE PARTY, and 1 independent -- SUL I Sik, former editor of the right-wing DONG A ILBO. The 13 persons were chosen from a list of 23 names prepared by KIM Kyu Sik and KIM Boong Joon, Chairman of the moderate rightist NEW PROGRESSIVE PARTY. COMMENT: The membership of this committee, from which leftist elements have been excluded, is further indication (W/S n150, I, B, 2) that the KIM Koo -- KIM Kyu Sik combination is cleaning its house of communist taint. (2) First Meeting of Standing Committee At the first meeting of the SOCIETY Standing Committee, on 05 August, EUM Hang Sup, of KIM Koo's KOREAN INDEPENDENCE PARTY, presided. The following persons were selected to head the various bureaus in the SOCIETY (see I, B, 2, c below): KIM Boong Joon - General Affairs PAI Song Yong - Organization EUM Hang Sup - Propaganda KIM Hak Kyu - Financial c. NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE FEDERATION Decides to Take Action Against Conferees in Second North-South Conference At a meeting of the Standing Committee of the NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE FEDERATION at KIM Kyu Sik's home in SEOUL on 04 August, it was decided that the Supervisory Committee of the NIF (W/S #121, para. C, 2, c) will determine what measures should be taken against members of the NIF who are cooperating with Communists in North and South KOREA for the purpose of establishing a "central" government in North KOREA. The Supervisory Committee is to make and report its decision by 11 August. The following persons, all leading figures in the NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE FEDERATION, were at the meeting: NAME POLITICAL LEANING PARTY AFFILIATION WON Sei Hoon* Rightist (NIF) Farmers' Party KIM Boong Joon* Moderate Rightist (NIF) New Progressive Pa PAI Song Yong Moderate Rightist NIF CHANG Cha Il* Moderate Rightist NIF SHIN Ki On* Moderate Rightist NIF SONG Nam Hoon Moderate Rightist NIF CHOE Sok Chang Moderate NIF LEE Sang Baik Moderate Laboring People's Party *Formerly of KILA 9 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #151 PART I 3. Civil Unrest a. Communist Violence During the reporting period, no reports were received concerning acts of violence involving communists. Directives to all levels of the communist hierarchy in South KOREA to remain "quiet" until 15 August 1948, (see W/S #150), have undoubtedly been a controlling factor of this non-violence period. Persistent police action against all communist parties has resulted in many arrests. Police action has also resulted in the apprehension of many communists who were gathering votes for the North Korea elections. (See Part II, B, 4). (1) Weekly Violence Summary Negative (2) Delayed Reports Covering Last Week Delayed reports of incidents that occurred during th week ending 30 July which were not carried in last week's summary (s Part I, B, 3, a, (1), W/S 150) are: | | Seoul | Kyonggi-Do | Kangwon-Do | Chungchong Namdo | Chungchong Pukto | Cholla-Namdo | Cholla-Pukto | Kyongsang Namdo | Kyongsang Pukto | Cheju-Do | Total | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Attacks on towns | | | | | | | | | | | | | Attacks on police | | | | | | | | 1 | | | 1 | | Police killed | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rightists killed | | | | | | | | | | | | | Communists killed | | | | | | | 1 | 3 | | | 4 | | Demonstrations, disorders, arson & attacks on rightists | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | Attacks on government buildings | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sabotage (Communications) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sabotage (RR lines) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sabotage (roads) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sabotage (bridges) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sabotage (power) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Strikes (labor) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Strikes (schools) | | | | | | | | | | | | 10 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #151 PART I (3) 1948 Communist Activities in South KOREA | | JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUNE | JULY# | TOTA | |------------------------------------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|------|-------|------| | Attacks on towns | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 73 | 9 | 1 | 88 | | Attacks on police | 0 | 130 | 118 | 50 | 86 | 12 | 9 | 405 | | Police killed | 0 | 33 | 20 | 15 | 34 | 4 | 1 | 107 | | Rightists killed | 1 | 14 | 14 | 81 | 144 | [illegible]1 | 10 | 315 | | Communists killed | 1 | 74 | 75 | 70 | 155 | 63 | 27 | 485 | | Disorders, demonstrations, arson, attacks on rightists' offices and homes | 6 | 118 | 89 | 126 | 196 | 81 | 24 | 620 | | Attacks on government buildings | 0 | 9 | 14 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 37 | | Sabotage (communications) | 14 | 53 | 58 | 32 | 57 | 8 | 1 | 223 | | Sabotage (RR lines) | 1 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 28 | | Sabotage (locomotives) | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 74 | | Sabotage (roads) | 0 | 15 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 25 | | Sabotage (bridges) | 0 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 24 | | Sabotage (power) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 8 | | Strikes (labor) | 0 | 14 | 6 | 3 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 40 | | Strikes (school) | 0 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 25 | | Attacks on registration & election booths| 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 126 | b. Non-Communist Violence (1) No rightist-inspired acts of violence were reported during the period. (2) A summary of acts of violence on the part of persons of unknown political affiliation as reported up to 06 August 1948 is as follows: [TABLE WITH COLUMNS: Seoul, Kyonggi Do, Kangwon Do, Chungchong Pukto, Chungchong, Cholla-Namdo, Cholla-Pukto, Kyongsang Namdo, Kyongsang Pukto, Cheju-Do, Total] Assassination Anti-Grain Collection 1 1 Political Terrorism Demonstration Resistance to Arrest Arson Unclassified 1 1 2 Sabotage (com- munication) Sabotage (Railroad Lines) Sabotage (Power) Sabotage (Bridges) Strikes (Labor) Strikes (Schools) 11 DECLASSIFIED Authority N[illegible]20745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #151 PART I (3) Monthly summation of acts of violence on the part of persons of unknown political affiliation. JULY* AUG* TOTAL Assassination 7 0 7 Anti-grain Collection 9 1 10 Political terrorism 1 0 1 Demonstration 15 0 15 Resistance to Arrest 5 0 5 Arson 2 0 2 Unclassified 11 1 12 Sabotage (Communications) 1 0 1 Sabotage (Railroad lines) 0 0 0 Sabotage (Power) 0 0 0 Sabotage (Bridges) 0 0 0 Strikes (Labor) 0 0 0 Strikes (Schools) 1 0 1 *Incomplete 12 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #151 PART I [illegible] CIVIL UNREST CHART [MAP OF KOREA] 38° JAPAN SEa CHUNGCHONG NAMDO KYONGSANG PUKTO Taegu SOUTH KOREA Cheju CHEJUL-DO LEGEND Unclassified Act of Violence Anti-grain 13 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 296 제주4·3사건 추가진상조사자료집 6 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #151 PART I C. WAR POTENTIAL 1. Economic - Cost of Living During the period 23 - 30 July the prices of the twenty-five cost of living items checked in SEOUL showed a marked rise. Thirteen items increased while only 3 decreased. Rice and wheat increased 7% and 13% respectively, whereas barley decreased 3%. Cabbage and radishes jumped 190% and 140% respectively. Meats and eggs were steady, but salt, rubber shoes and laundry soap advanced 43%, 19% and 13% in that order. The advance in rice prices during the week of 23 - 30 July was not considered abnormal inasmuch as this is the end of the season. Wheat flour rose because of a rise in the controlled price. Barley has just been harvested, and it is reasonable to expect a decline. The phenomenal rise in other items may be due, in part, to transportation problems caused by the recent heavy rains. Rice in SEOUL on 06 August averaged 1150 won per small mal, an increase of 122 won over last week, and another new high. On 03 August a high of 1600 won per small mal was reached, but the price quickly dropped. This continued rise is believed to be caused by the gradual reduction of the ration from 2.5 hop to 2.0 hop, the end of the season, hoarding and speculating, and transportation problems. Cost of Living Items Checked in Seoul (23-30 July) (Increase (+) or (-) Decrease over previous week) ± Polished rice - Barley ± Wheat flour ± Soy beans - Red beans ± Dried myungtai (fish) Sugar ± Salt ± Matches Beef Pork - Eggs ± Korean cabbage ± Radishes ± Rubber shoes ± Laundry soap Soy sauce - Flannelette - Kwang-mak (cloth) ± Silk myungju (cloth) Silk sook soo (cloth) Cotton socks Anthracite ± Firewood ± Charcoal RICE PRICE SUMMARY - MONTHLY AVERAGES Unit: 1 small mal (16.67 lbs.) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY 06 AUG* SEOUL 743 746 707 655 740 895 1033 1150 KANGWON DO 791 860 772 750 816 920 CHUNGCHONG PUKTO 586 657 654 600 723 943 CHUNGCHONG NAMDO 630 662 613 576 660 860 KYONGSANG PUKTO 541 550 502 550 583 807 KYONGSANG NAMDO 650 707 650 640 666 868 CHOLLA PUKTO 608 608 550 566 703 850 CHOLLA NAMDO 558 575 508 541 728 875 CHEJU DO 733 680 617 740 733 983 AVERAGE 648 676 619 659 706 889 SOURCE: National Price Administration, SKIG * SOURCE: Open markets (4) in Seoul. RATE OF OPEN MARKET EXCHANGE: 450 won per Military Currency dollar 1150 - 1200 won per U.S. dollar DECLASSIFIED Authority N[illegible]20745070 14 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #151 PART I 2. Population a. Surrendered and Disarmed: No change: 179,376 b. Progress of Repatriation This Period To Date Japanese Civilians Arriving from N of 38° N'KOREA, CHINA and MANCHURIA 0 288,532 Japanese Evacuated to JAPAN 0 884,198 Total Koreans Returning 1,182* 2,151,730 Total Repatriates Moved Since 15 Aug. 45 3,035,383 c. Koreans Apprehended While Attempting Illegal Entry to JAPAN 24,838 * Incomplete report 15 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070