주한미육군사령부 사령관이 극동사령부 사령관에게 보내는 전문
(1948년 11월 추정)
공산주의 지하 전투 부대들은 인민해방군, 전투전위대, 게릴라 등으로 다양하게 알려져 있다. 본 전문에서는 게릴라라는 용어를 사용한다.
파트 A
1. 조직:
분명히 각 도에는 남로당 도 중앙 위원회와 나란히 군사부가 있다. 군사부장은 다양한 부대들의 조직과 활동에 전적인 책임을 지고 있다. 적어도 몇몇 도의 각 도시와 촌락에 군사부의 직접적인 하부조직이 있고 군사부로부터 나오는 모든 지령들은 그러한 경로를 통해서 급속도로 확산된다. 게릴라의 활동에 협력하는 각 도의 군사국 보다도 더욱 집권화된 권위 기구는 결정되지 않았다. 그러나 게릴라 부대들은, 모든 공산주의자들과 마찬가지로, 서로 협조하는 것으로 생각된다. 특히 제주도에서 접수된 정보에 따르면 게릴라 부대들은 2개 중대, 2개 소대, 2개 분대의 체제를 가진 60명~80명 단위의 대대들로 조직되었다. 제주도와 같이 게릴라 조직이 매우 철저하고도 상세하게 조직되었던 곳은 대대장이 작전, 정보, 군수, 의무 등의 부서를 가지고 있었다는 증거가 있다. 또한 제주도에서 중대장들은 소련을 본받은 전형적인 게릴라 조직의 유형이 된 정치업무를 관장하는 부중대장의 보좌를 받는다. 그러한 세부적이고도 철저한 조직이 다른 도에서 어느 정도까지 완료되었는지는 알 수 없다.
2. 현재 규모:
지난 봄 제주도에서 1,400~2,000명 사이의 게릴라가 조직되었던 것으로 추산됐다. 다른 도에서는 추정된 숫자는 150~500명 선이다. 게릴라 부대의 규모는 변동이 심한 것으로 파악된다. 전투 부대들이 작전을 개시하면 최근의 경찰의 무자비함과 전통적인 쌀 수매 때문에 그들에게 동조하는 양민이 있으면 특별히 현
장에서 지원자들을 충당하는 것으로 보인다. 활동하지 않는 시기에 게릴라들의 대다수는 그들의 집으로 돌아와서 적어도 외견상으로는 정상적인 삶을 영위한다.
3. 부대 위치:
A. 강원도: 강릉(1180-1660) 북서부 산악지대, 오대산(1140-1670), 원주(1090-1610), 응봉산(1210-1580) 지역이 작전 기지다. 경찰 추산에 따르면 강원도에서 활동 중인 게릴라 총 병력은 400여 명이다. 11월 12일 60명으로 이루어진 최소 1개 무리가 북한에서 넘어왔다. 이들을 소탕하는 중이다.
B. 충청북도: 지난 6달 동안 충청남도 북서부와 강원도 접경지대에 있는 게릴라 기지와 은신처에 관한 수많은 보고들이 들어왔다. 최근 남조선노동당의 지령은 도 위원회에 집합소와 기지를 조직하라고 지시했다. 하지만 경찰보고에 따르면 남조선노동당이나 유관 단체에 의해 확실한 행동이 취해진 적은 없다. 이 지역에 관해서는 병력 추산이 보고되지 않았다. 충청북도 남부, 특히 영동(1070-1470) 지역에서는 게릴라들이 조직 계획에서 비교적 성공적이었다. 1948년 10월 이전에는 이 지역에 약 1,800여 명의 인원(활동 중이거나 활동을 중단 중인 게릴라와 공산주의 동조자)이 있었다. 좌파의 급습과 출격은 경찰로 하여금 공산주의에 대항하여 3주 간 작전을 수행하도록 했다. 경찰의 작전은 일시적으로 공산주의자 활동을 감소시켰다. 그러나 응원경찰대의 철수 이후로 지하 활동이 새롭게 시작됐다. 현재 경찰은 이 지역에서 경계 상태를 유지하는 중이다.
C. 경상북도: 경상북도 서부 태백산 지역에 공산주의자 전투 소대가 다수 있다는 여러 보고가 있었다. 원래 경상북도는 소위 인민해방군이라 불리는 집단에 의해 잘 조직된 지역이었다. 하지만 활동이 약화되고 조직자들이 체포되고 흩어진 이후, 남은 조직 일부가 언덕과 산으로 도주하여 남조선노동당을 위한 게릴라 부대와 "전위전투소대"를 형성하려 시도했다. 최근 보고에 따르면 대구(1150-1430) 지역과 경주군(1220-1440)이 실질적인 잠정적 분쟁지역이다.
D. 전라북도, 경상남도, 전라남도: 이 세 도의 전통적인 게릴라 지역은 지리산이다. 지방 게릴라들은 국방경비대를 탈출하였던 여수의 반란군 잔여 무리에 의해 강화되어 왔다. 일반 지역에서 작전을 수행하고 있는 (게릴라)무리의 총수는 800명이 되는 것으로 국방경비대는 추정하고 있다. 게다가 보성 주위에서 훈련
을 받아 활동하고 있는 게릴라들은 대략 150명 정도 있는 것으로 추산되며 영안
(Yongan 좌표 960-1300) 근처에서도 약 100명이 활동하고 있는 것으로 추정 된다. 판에 박은 듯이 전라남도는 특별히 쌀 수매 기간 동안 강한 공산주의적 색 채를 띠었다.
E. 제주도: 현재 제주도에서 활동하고 있는 게릴라 병력은 300명~1500명 사이로 다양하게 추산된다. 국방경비대에 의해서 최근에 타격을 입은 게릴라 손실은 대 략 300명 정도 된다고 한다. 이들 모두가 진짜 게릴라였는지는 매우 의심스럽다.
4. 무기와 장비 :
일반적으로 게릴라들은 약 50%는 죽창으로 무장하고 나머지 50%는 군경으로부터 탈취하거나 반란군에게서 들여온 일본제 99 소총, 칼빈, M-1으로 무장한 것으로 생각된다. 때때로 집에서 제조한 무기와 일본제 수류탄이 보고되기도 했 다. 어떤 무기들은 아마도 북한에서 받은 듯하다. 차량 혹은 중화기에 관한 정보는 없다.
5. 훈련, 학교, 규율:
1948년 동안 게릴라의 훈련과 교육에 대한 보고가 다수 들어왔다. 게릴라 학교 대부분이 산속 은신처에 자리 잡고 있다. 이 학교에서 정기적인 수업이 열린다.
강의는 2주에서 3달 동안 지속된다. 훈련기간 중 수업에는 공산주의의 기본 요소 인 게릴라 전략, 규율, 사보타주, 간첩 훈련이 포함된다. 선전의 준비, 활용, 배포 역시 강조된다. 한 회기가 끝나면 또 다른 수업이 시작된다. 게릴라 학교 내 규율은 엄격하고 지시된 규칙과 규정을 계속 지키는 것이 강제된다. 규율에 관한 유일 한 보고는 그것이 매우 엄격하다는 사실을 전하고 있다. 북한에서의 훈련은 아래 제10항 참고.
6. 목표와 작전 계획 :
전통적으로 이들의 목표는 경찰지서 공격, 경찰 살해, 정부 관리 및 저명 우파 암살, 선전을 통해 대한민군 정부에 대한 적의를 선동, 통신 사보타주 같은 것들 이었다. 선거 기간과 여수반란 기간을 제외하고는 우파를 암살하려는 계획과 위
협은 실현되지 않았다. 계획은 목표물의 공격에서 흔히 있는 도시와 마을에 대한 습격을 필요로 한다.
7. 보급 :
게릴라 보급은 돈, 미곡 및 다른 식량, 기타 물품의 강제적인 기부를 통해 이루 어져 왔다. 무기와 탄약은 군경에 대한 기습과 경비대 탈영병의 충원을 통해 공급 됐다. 38도선 근처에 주둔 중인 게릴라 부대들이 북한으로부터 물자를 보급받고 있다는 보고가 있으나, 이는 확증되지는 않았다. 몇몇 보고는 이런 보급이 해로를 통해 이뤄졌다고 말한다. 해안가 3마일 이내 선운의 사용은 동해안 묵호진(1200-
1640)과 서해안 인천(960-1630)에 있는 해안경비대의 관할 구역 2곳을 피하는 유용한 수단이 되어 왔다. 망명자와 밀수는 남한에 있는 모든 공산주의자들에게 재정적, 물질적 원조를 제공하는 2개의 통로를 제공해왔다. 밀수에서 오는 수익은 남한 공산주의자들의 수입의 근간이었으며 북한 공산군 주둔을 후원해왔다.
북한과 남한 간의 무역은 북한에 의해 독점돼 있다. 북한에 있는 모든 무역회사와 항구시설에 대해서는 북한 정부의 엄격한 통제가 이뤄지고 있다. 이를 통해 북한 당국은 남한 밀수업자로 하여금 지정된 남한 회사들과 거래를 하도록 강제할 수 있다. (지정된 회사들은 공산주의의 통제하에 있다.) 이렇게 획득된 자금과 소비 재는 남조선노동당에 공급되고 당의 활동을 위해 사용된다.
8. 북한에 의한 통제와 통신:
일반적으로 공산주의자 활동에 관한 지령은 평양에서 내려진다. 그 지령들은 북 한 해주(870-1700)에 있는 남로당 본부로 보내지고 매일 38도선을 오가는 요원 들이나 밀수업자들을 통해 해주로부터 남한으로 전해진다. 무선으로 통신이 이뤄 지고 있다는 보고가 들어왔으나 확증되지는 않았다. 몇몇 C급정보원은 각 게릴라 부대의 지휘자와 남조선노동당 중앙위원회(중앙 및 도)와 직접적인 연락이 유 지되고 있다고 보고했다. (제1항에서 언급됐듯이 다른 보고들은 군사부장이 도 중앙위원장과 대등하다고 말한다.) 남한 내 통신은 일반적으로 급사에 이뤄지고 있으며, 급사에는 남성과 여성 모두 있다. 메시지는 대개 서면이 아니라 구두로 이뤄진다. 북한 당국은 또 다른 통제수단으로서 훈련된 조직가들을 남한 각 도에
보내 계획과 게릴라 훈련 전략 준비를 돕고 있다.
9. 남조선노동당과의 관계:
남한에서 남조선노동당이 주도적인 공산주의 단체인바, 남조선노동당이 게릴라 작전을 적극적으로 지원하고 있다는 점은 확실하다고 여겨진다. 남조선노동당이 어느 정도로 구체적인 지침을 게릴라들에게 하달하고 있는지는 알려져 있지 않다.
10. 지역 모병과 북한으로부터의 증원을 통한 증강의 증거:
제2항에서 얘기됐듯이 게릴라들은 현지에서 신을 얻는다. 의심의 여지 없이 불만을 품은 개인들을 전향시킴으로써 신병을 얻기도 한다. 이번 주에 강원도에서 생포된 포로는 북한에서 지원군이 오고 있다고 말했다. 이 포로는 자신이 북한에서 게릴라 전투와 공산주의자 전략에 대해 2달 반 동안 교육을 받은 후 무기와 함께 파견된 60명 규모 중대의 일원이라고 말했다. 그는 중대 구성원의 90%가 남조선노동당원이며 나머지 10%는 북한인이라고 말했다. 또한, 그는 북한의 학교에 총 1,000명의 학생이 있다고 말했다. 이들이 강원도 산간 지대를 통해 남한에 들어올 것으로 예상된다.
파트 C
1. 경찰:
이념적으로 설득된 것이든 상황에 의해 강제된 것이든 경찰은 우파 또는 극우파로 분류된다. 경찰의 개인적 충성심은 통상적인 명령 계통까지 확장되고, 또 그것을 넘어 치안국을 거쳐 대통령에게까지 이른다. 비록 경찰 내 계급들에 공산주의자에 의한 침투가 있기는 했지만, 치안국은 방심하지 않고 있으며 치안국 내 불온 분자들은 발견되는 대로 제거되고 있다. 경찰은 공산주의자를 죽이고자 하는 자신들의 의지를 반복해서 증명해왔다.
2. 경비대:
여순반란은 오랫동안 보고되어 온 바와 같이 공산주의자들이 국방경비대에 침투했다는 사실을 확실하게 드러내 주었다. 그러나 여순반란 사건은 국방경비대의 대다수는 충성스럽다는 점을 여실히 입증해 주었다. 최소한 6개 연대의 요원들이 그들과 싸우기 위해 제 1중대만을 내보냈던 반란군을 구축하기 위해 반란군과 접전을 펼쳤다. 폭동이 일어난 시기에 그 어떤 불만 사항도 보고되지 않았고 반란군을 진압했던 국방경비대 부대들은 반역한 무리에 대해 최선의 능력을 발휘하여 싸웠다.
11월 2일 대구에서의 폭동은 제 6연대의 1개 대대가 전적으로 충성스럽지 않았음을 보여준다. 공산주의 활동을 한 것으로 체포된 상사가 체포된 상태로 죽음을 당했을 때 사격장에서 폭동이 발생하였다. 대략 400명의 국방경비대원들과 극소수의 시민 동조자들이 폭동에 가담하였다. 대다수의 국방경비대원들은 미군정 요원에게 항복하였다. 80~90명이 무기를 소지한 채 도망쳤으나 다음 날 검거되었다. 공산주의자가 끼친 영향의 범위는 아직까지 단정지어 말할 수 없다. 국방경비대의 관리들은 심문결과 공산주의자 60명이 대대에서 적발되었다고 보고했다. 이들이 변덕스러운 한국인들을 쉽게 상대할 수 있는 한 사건을 특징적으로 잘 이용했던 것 같다. (대구)폭동이 일어났을 때 폭동 지휘자가 막사 밖으로 병사들을 집합시켰던 한 방법은 대구에 접근하고 있었던 여수의 반란군과 그들이 싸워야 한다고 가장하면서 정부에 충성을 바칠 것을 호소하는 것이었다는 의미심장한 보고가 있다.
9월 이후, 국방경비대 내부에서 공산주의자로 의심을 받았던 약 1,600명의 국방경비대 정보 요원들이 체포되었다. 색출작업은 계속되고 있다.
3. 해안경비대:
6개월 전쯤 북한으로 탈영한 2척의 함선을 제외하고, 해안경비대의 충성심을 의심할 만한 사건은 없었다. 불온 분자에 대한 보고는 담당 사령관에게 넘겨졌고, 그들을 제거하기 위한 조치가 취해지고 있다.
여수반란 동안 해안경비대는 경비대와 적극적으로 협조하여 반란을 진압했다. 그들은 경비대 대대를 상륙지로 이송했다. 그들은 화력으로 지상군을 지원했다. 또한 그들은 다른 부대에 통신장비를 제공했다. 나아가 그들은 소규모 반란군 집
단을 진압하기 위해 독립적인 작전을 수행하여 그들을 여수 근처 섬으로 몰아냈다.
SECRET
CG USAFIK
CINCFE
PRIORITY
WARX 92068 SECRET
FOR GEORGE DASH TWO PD ATTENTION COLONEL DODGE PD
REFERENCE WARX NINE TWO ZERO SIX EIGHT PD COMMUNISTS UNDERGROUND COMBAT FORCES ARE KNOWN VARIOUSLY AS QTE PEOPLES LIBERATION ARMY UNQTE CMA QTE ACTION VANGUARD CORPS UNQTE AND GUERRILLAS PD TERM GUERRILLAS IS USED IN THIS MESSAGE PARA PART ABLE PARA ONE PD ORGANIZATION CLN PARA APPARENTLY IN EACH PROVINCE THERE IS ABLE MILITARY BUREAU PARALLEL WITH PROVINCIAL CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF SOUTH KOREA LABOR PARTY PD HEAD OF MILITARY BUREAU IS FULLY RESPONSIBLE FOR ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS FORCES PD IN AT LEAST SOME OF PROVINCES EACH TOWN AND VILLAGE IS IN TURN DIRECTLY SUBORDINATE TO BUREAU AND ALL DIRECTIVES EMANATING FROM BUREAU ARE RAPIDLY DISSEMINATED THROUGH THOSE CHANNELS PD IT IS NOT DETERMINED THAT THERE IS ABLE CENTRALIZED AUTHORITY HIGHER THAN PROVINCIAL MILITARY BUREAU TO COORDINATE [illegible] ACTIVITIES OF GUERRILLAS PD HOWEVER IT IS ASSUMED THAT GUERRILLA FORCES DASH LIKE ALL COMMUNISTS DASH COOPERATE WITH EACH OTHER PD ACCORDING TO INFORMATION RECEIVED CMA PRINCIPLY IN CHEJU DO CMA GUERRILLA FORCES ARE ORGANIZED ON BASIS OF BATTALIONS OF SIX ZERO TO EIGHT ZERO MEN EACH CMA COMPOSED OF TWO COMPANIES OF TWO PLATOONS OF TWO SQUADS EACH PD WHERE ORGANIZATION HAS BEEN VERY THOROUGH AND DETAILED CMA SUCH AS ON
SECRET
DECLASSIFIED
Authority NND 947500
1 7 /2
SECRET
CHEJU DO CMA THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT BATTALION COMMANDERS HAD ORDNANCE CMA INTELLIGENCE CMA SUPPLY AND MEDICAL SECTIONS PD ALSO ON CHEJU DO COMPANY COMMANDERS ARE ASSISTED BY DEPUTY COMMANDERS FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS CMA TYPICAL OF ORGANIZATIONS PATTERNED AFTER THE SOVIET PD IT IS NOT KNOWN TO WHAT DEGREE SUCH DETAIL AND THOROUGH ORGANIZATION HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED IN OTHER PROVINCES PARA TWO PD PRESENT NUMBERS CLN PARA IT WAS ESTIMATED LAST SPRING THAT THERE WERE ON CHEJU DO BETWEEN ONE FOUR ZERO ZERO AND TWO ZERO ZERO ZERO ORGANIZED GUERRILLAS PD IN THE OTHER PROVINCES THE ESTIMATES ARE FROM ONE FIVE ZERO TO FIVE ZERO ZERO PD GUERRILLA STRENGTH IS CONSIDERED TO FLUCTUATE WIDELY CMA DEPENDING ON ACTIVITIES PD WHEN COMBAT FORCES INITIATE AN OPERATION IT IS LIKELY THEY GAIN RECRUITS ON THE SPOT CMA PARTICULARLY IF THEY FIND THE CIVILIANS SYMPATHETIC BECAUSE OF RECENT POLICE BRUTALITY OR TRADITIONAL RICE COLLECTION PD IT IS CONSIDERED CERTAIN THAT DURING PERIODS OF INACTIVITY CMA MANY OF GUERRILLAS RETURN TO THEIR HOMES AND TAKE UP AT LEAST AN OUTWARD RESUMPTION OF NORMAL LIFE PARA THREE PD UNIT LOCATIONS CLN PARA ARLE PD KANGWON DASH DO CLN THE MOUNTAIN AREA NORTHWEST OF KANGNUNG COORDINATES PAREN ONE ONE EIGHT ZERO DASH ONE SIX SIX ZERO PAREN CMA AND OHDAE SAN COORDINATES ONE ONE FOUR ZERO DASH ONE SIX SEVEN ZERO PAREN CMA WONJU COORDINATES PAREN ONE ZERO NINE ZERO DASH ONE SIX ONE ZERO PAREN AND UNGBONG MOUNTAIN COORDINATES PAREN ONE TWO ONE ZERO DASH ONE FIVE EIGHT ZERO PAREN AREAS ARE BASES OF OPERATION PD POLICE ESTIMATE TOTAL STRENGTH OF APPROXIMATELY FOUR ZERO ZERO ACTIVE GUERRILLAS IN THIS PROVINCE PD APPROXIMATELY ONE TWO NOVEMBER AT LEAST ONE BAND OF ABOUT SIX ZERO GUERRILLAS CAME DOWN FROM NORTH KOREA PD THEY ARE BEING MOPPED UP PARA BAKER PD CHUNGCHONG PUKTO CLN DURING PAST SIX MONTHS NUMEROUS REPORTS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED CONCERNING GUERRILLA STRONGHOLDS AND HIDEOUTS IN NORTHEAST SECTION OF PROVINCE AND KANGWON DASH DO BORDER AREA PD RECENT SELF DIRECTIVE ORDERED PROVINCIAL COMMITTEE
DECLASSIFIED
Authority NND 947500
SECRET A 2 of 13
SECRET
TO ORGANIZE MOUNTAIN RENDEZVOUS AND STRONGHOLDS IN PROVINCE SNCLN HOWEVER POLICE
REPORT THAT NO DEFINITE ACTION HAS BEEN TAKEN BY SKLP OR ITS AFFILIATES PD NO
STRENGTH ESTIMATE OF THIS AREA HAS BEEN RECEIVED PD IN SOUTHERN PART OF THIS
PROVINCE CHA SPECIFICALLY YONGDONG COORDINATES PAREN ONE ZERO SEVEN ZERO DASH ONE
FOUR SEVEN ZERO PAREN AREA CHA GUERRILLAS HAVE BEEN RELATIVELY SUCCESSFUL IN THEIR
ORGANIZATIONAL PLANS PD PRIOR TO MAY ONE NINE FOUR EIGHT IT WAS ESTIMATED THAT
APPROXIMATELY ONE EIGHT ZERO ZERO PERSONS CHA GUERRILLAS AND COMMUNIST SYMPATHIZERS
CHA ACTIVE AND INACTIVE CHA WERE IN THIS AREA PD LEFTIST RAIDS AND SORTIES PROMPTED
POLICE TO CONDUCT THREE DASH WEEK OPERATION AGAINST COMMUNISTS WHICH TEMPORARILY
REDUCED THEIR ACTIVITIES PD HOWEVER SOON AFTER WITHDRAWAL OF ADDITIONAL POLICE
FORCES CHA UNDERGROUND ACTIVITIES BEGAN ANEW PD AT PRESENT POLICE ARE MAINTAINING
CONTINUOUS VIGILANCE IN THIS AREA PARA CHARLIE PD KYONGSANG PUKTO CLN
MANY REPORTS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED THAT INDICATE LARGE GROUPS OF COMMUNIST QTS ACTION
SQUADS UNQTE AS BEING IN TAEBAEK MOUNTAIN RANGE ON WESTERN SIDE OF PROVINCE PD
ORIGINALLY THIS PROVINCE HAD BEEN WELL ORGANIZED BY SO DASH CALLED PEOPLES LIBERATION
ARMY SNCLN HOWEVER AFTER ITS ACTIVITIES HAD BEEN BROKEN UP AND ITS ORGANIZERS
ARRESTED AND DISPERSED CHA SEGMENTS OF THIS ORGANIZATION FLED TO HILLS AND MOUNTAINS
AND ATTEMPTED TO FORM GUERRILLA BANDS AND QTS VANGUARD ACTION SQUADS UNQTS FOR SKLP
PD RECENT REPORTS DISCLOSE THAT TAJOU COORDINATES PAREN ONE ONE FIVE ZERO DASH ONE
FOUR THREE ZERO PAREN AREA AND KYONGJU GUN COORDINATES PAREN ONE TWO TWO ZERO DASH
ONE FOUR FOUR ZERO PAREN AREA ARE AT PRESENT THE ACTUAL POTENTIAL QTS HOT SPOTS UNQTS
IN THE PROVINCE PARA DOG PD CHOLLA PUKTO CHA KYONGSANG NAMDO CHA CHOLLA NAMDO CLN
TRADITIONAL GUERRILLA AREA IN THESE THREE PROVINCES IS CHIRI COORDINATES PAREN ONE
ZERO SIX ZERO DASH/ONE THREE SEVEN ZERO PAREN MOUNTAIN AREA PD LOCAL GUERRILLAS HAVE
BEEN REINFORCED BY REMNANTS OF YOSU COORDINATES PAREN ONE ZERO SEVEN ZERO DASH ONE
THREE ZERO ZERO PAREN MUTINEERS WHO ESCAPED LOYAL CONSTABULARY FORCES PD TOTAL OF
DECLASSIFIED
Authority NND 947500 SECRET 3 of 12
SECRET
BANDS OPERATING IN MERKY GENERAL AREA IS ESTIMATED BY CONSTABULARY TO BE EIGHT
ZERO ZERO PD IN ADDITION THERE ARE ESTIMATED TO BE APPROXIMATELY ONE FIVE ZERO
TRAINED ACTIVE GUERRILLAS AROUND POSONG COORDINATES PAREN ONE ZERO ZERO ZERO DASH
ONE THREE ZERO ZERO PAREN AND APPROXIMATELY ONE ZERO ZERO NEAR YONGAN COORDINATES
PAREN NINE SIX ZERO DASH ONE THREE ZERO ZERO PAREN PD CONVENTIONALLY PROVINCE OF
CHOLLA NAMDO IS STRONGLY COMMUNISTIC CMA PARTICULARLY DURING RICE COLLECTIONS PARA
ELEMENT EASY PD CHEJU DO CLM ESTIMATES OF PRESENT STRENGTH ON CHEJU DO VARY BETWEEN
THREE ZERO ZERO AND ONE FIVE ZERO ZERO PD LOSSES RECENTLY INFLICTED BY CONSTABULARY ARE REPORTEDLY
KNOWN APPROXIMATELY THREE ZERO ZERO SHCLN IT IS VERY DOUBTFUL THAT ALL OF THESE
WERE BONAFIDE GUERRILLAS PARA FOUR PD ARMS AND KKK EQUIPMENT PARA IN GENERAL CMA
GUERRILLAS ARE CONSIDERED TO HAVE ABOUT FIVE ZERO PERCENT OF THEIR STRENGTH ARMED
WITH BAMBOO SPEARS AND OTHER FIVE ZERO PERCENT WITH JAPANESE NINE NINE RIFLES CMA
CARBINES AND MIKES DASH ONES CAPTURED FROM SECURITY FORCES OR BROUGHT IN BY
MUTINEERS PD OCCASIONALLY HOMEMADE AND KKK JAPANESE GRENADES ARE REPORTED PD
SOME WEAPONS ARE PROBABLY RECEIVED FROM NORTH KOREA PD THERE IS NO INFORMATION AS
TO VEHICLES OR HEAVY WEAPONS PARA FIVE PD TRAINING CMA SCHOOLS AND DISCIPLINE PARA
DURING ONE NINE FOUR EIGHT MANY REPORTS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED CONCERNING TRAINING AND
SCHOOLING OF GUERRILLAS PD MOST OF GUERRILLA SCHOOLS ARE LOCATED IN MOUNTAIN
HIDEOUTS PD IN THESE SCHOOLS PERIODIC CLASSES ARE HELD SHCLN COURSES RANGING
FROM TWO WEEKS TO THREE MONTHS DURATION PD CLASSES DURING THESE TRAINING PERIODS
CONSIST OF CLN GUERRILLA TACTICS CMA DISCIPLINE CMA SABOTAGE AND ESPIONAGE TRAINING
CMA BASIC POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC INSTRUCTION CMA AND BASIC ELEMENTS OF COMMUNISM
PD INSTRUCTION IN PREPARATION CMA USE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROPAGANDA IS ALSO STRESSED
PD UPON COMPLETION OF TRAINING CYCLE ANOTHER CLASS WILL BEGIN PD DISCIPLINE WITHIN
THESE GUERRILLA SCHOOLS IS STRICT AND CONTINUOUS ADHERENCE TO PRESCRIBED RULES AND
REGULATIONS IS ENFORCED PD ONLY REPORTS CONCERNING DISCIPLINE INDICATE THAT IT IS
RIGID PD FOR TRAINING IN NORTH KOREA SEE PARAGRAPH ONE ZERO BELOW PARA MERKY SIX PD
SECRET h of 13
DECLASSIFIED
Authority NND 24750D
SECRET
TARGETS AND OPERATIONAL PLANS CLN PARA TARGETS ARE CONVENTIONALLY TO ATTACK POLICE BOXES AND KILL POLICE CMA TO ASSASSINATE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND OTHER PROMINENT RIGHTISTS CMA TO AROUSE HOSTILITY TOWARD REPUBLIC OF KOREA THROUGH PROPAGANDA CMA AND OCCASIONALLY TO SABOTAGE COMMUNICATIONS PD IT IS NOTEWORTHY THAT CMA EXCEPT DURING ELECTION PERIOD AND YOSU MUTINY CMA NUMEROUS PLANS AND THREATS TO ASSASSINATE RIGHTISTS HAVE NOT REPEAT NOT MATERIALIZED PD PLANS CALL FOR RAIDS ON TOWNS AND VILLAGES INCIDENT TO ATTACK OF TARGETS PARA SEVEN PD SUPPLY CLN PARA GUERRILLA SUPPLIES HAVE BEEN OBTAINED THROUGH FORCED DONATIONS OF MONEY CMA RICE CMA OTHER FOOD CMA CLOTHING CMA AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT PD ARMS AND AMMUNITION ARE OBTAINED BY RAIDS ON SECURITY FORCES AND BY RECRUITMENT OF DESERTERS FROM CONSTABULARY PD WHILE GUERRILLA UNITS STATIONED NEAR THREE EIGHT PARALLEL HAVE BEEN REPORTEDLY RECEIVING SUPPLIES FROM NORTH KOREA FIRM CONFIRMATION IS LACKING PD SEVERAL REPORTS STATE THAT THIS HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED BY SEA LANES PD USE OF COASTWIDE SHIPPING PAREN BEYOND THREE MILE LIMIT PAREN HAS BEEN FRUITFUL MEANS OF CIRCUMVENTING TWO SOUTH KOREA COAST GUARD CONTROL POINTS CMA MUKHOJIN DASH NT COORDINATES PAREN ONE TWO ZERO ZERO DASH ONE SIX FOUR ZERO PAREN ON EAST COAST AND INCHON COORDINATES PAREN NINE SIX ZERO DASH ONE SIX THREE ZERO PAREN ON WEST COAST PD REFUGEES AND SMUGGLING HAVE PROVIDED TWO DASH WAY COURSE FOR BOTH FINANCIAL AND MATERIAL AID BEING GIVEN ALL COMMUNISTS IN SOUTH KOREA PD PROFIT FROM SMUGGLING HAS BEEN SOURCE OF INCOME FOR SOUTH KOREAN COMMUNISTS AS WELL AS SUPPORTING FACTOR FOR COMMUNIST OCCUPATION OF NORTH KOREA PD TRADE BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA IS UNDER CONTROL OF NORTH KOREA MONOPLY PD THROUGH STRICT GOVERNMENT SUPERVISION OF ALL TRADING COMPANIES AND PORT FACILITIES IN NORTH KOREA CMA NORTH KOREA AUTHORITIES CAN THUS FORCE SOUTH KOREAN SMUGGLER TO DO BUSINESS WITH DESIGNATED COMMUNIST DASH CONTROLLED TRADING COMPANIES IN SOUTH KOREA PD FUNDS OR CONSUMER GOODS OBTAINED THROUGH THESE MEANS ARE GIVEN TO SKLP WHICH IN TURN UTILIZES MONEY AND PROCEEDS FOR PARTIS ACTIVITIES
DECLASSIFIED
Authority NND 947500 SECRET 5 of 13
SECRET
PARA EIGHT PD COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL BY NORTH KOREA CLN PARA FOR COMMUNIST
ACTIVITIES IN GENERAL CMA ORDERS ORIGINATE IN PYONGYANG PD THEY ARE SENT TO SKLP
HEADQUARTERS IN HAEJU COORDINATES PAREN EIGHT SEVEN ZERO DASH ONE SEVEN ZERO ZERO
PAREN NORTH KOREA CMA AND KM FROM THAT POINT ARE TRANSMITTED TO SOUTH KOREA THROUGH
AGENTS OR SMUGGLERS WHO WERE ARE HEREIN CROSSING THREE EIGHT PARALLEL DAILY PD KM
UNCONFIRMED REPORTS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED THAT COMMUNICATION IS ALSO EFFECTED BY RADIO
PD SEVERAL CHARLIE SOURCES REPORT THAT LIAISON IS MAINTAINED FROM BOTH NATIONAL
AND PROVINCIAL SKLP CENTRAL COMMITTEES DIRECTLY WITH HEAD OF EACH GUERRILLA
FORCE PD PAREN AS NOTED IN PARAGRAPH ONE CMA OTHER REPORTS STATE THAT HEAD OF
MILITARY BUREAU IS PARALLEL TO HEAD OF PROVINCIAL CENTRAL COMMITTEES PAREN PD
COMMUNICATIONS IN SOUTH KOREA ARE GENERALLY CARRIED BY COURIER CMA BOTH MALE AND
FEMALE KMX PD MOST OF MESSAGES ARE ORAL RATHER THAN WRITTEN PD AS ANOTHER MEANS
OF CONTROL NORTH KOREAN AUTHORITIES ARE REPORTED TO BE SENDING TRAINED ORGANIZERS
TO EACH PROVINCE IN SOUTH KOREA TO AID IN PREPARATION OF PLANS AND IN TRAINING
GUERRILLA TACTICS PARA NINE PD RELATIONS WITH SKLP CLN PARA INASMUCH AS SKLP IS
DOMINANT COMMUNIST COMMUNIST ORGANIZATION IN SOUTH KOREA CMA IT IS CONSIDERED
CERTAIN THAT PARTY ACTIVELY SUPPORTS ALL GUERRILLA OPERATIONS PD IT IS NOT KNOWN
TO WHAT EXTENT PARTY ISSUES SPECIFIC DIRECTIVES TO GUERRILLAS PARA TEN PD EVIDENCE
OF INCREASE BY LOCAL RECRUITMENT AND FROM NORTH CLN PARA AS STATED IN PARAGRAPH TWO
ABOVE CMA GUERRILLA FORCES OBTAIN RECRUITS ON THE SPOT PD THEY UNDOUBTEDLY ALSO
OBTAIN THEM THROUGH CONVERTING DISAFFECTED INDIVIDUALS PD SPECIFIC REINFORCEMENT
FROM NORTH KOREA WAS REPORTED BY PRISONER CAPTURED IN KANGWON DASH DO THIS WEEK WHO
STATED THAT HE WAS ONE MBR OF COMPANY OF SIX ZERO WHO HAD BEEN DISPATCHED WITH
WEAPONS FROM NORTH KOREA AFTER ATTENDING SCHOOL FOR TWO AND ONE HALF MONTHS ON
GUERRILLA OPERATIONS AND COMMUNIST TACTICS PD PRISONER STATED THAT NINE ZERO PERCENT
OF COMPANY WERE MEMBERS OF SKLP AND OTHER ONE ZERO PERCENT WERE NORTH KOREANS PD
DECLASSIFIED
Authority NND 947500 SECRET 6 of 13
HE ALSO STATED THAT THERE IS TOTAL OF ONE ZERO ZERO ZERO STUDENTS AT THE SCHOOL
PD THESE CAN BE EXPECTED TO ENTER SOUTH KOREA THROUGH MOUNTAINOUS AVENUES IN
KANGWON DASH DO PARA PART BAKER PARA ONE PD THE TAI HAN ORGANIZATION HAS BEEN
SUPPORTED BY THE KIM KOO FACTION AS WELL AS BY FOLLOWERS OF SYNGMAN RHEE PARA
ABLE PD DAI HAN PROPAGANDA EFFORTS HAVE BEEN MOST EFFECTIVE OF ALL RIGHTIST
LABOR UNIONS PD THEME PROPAGATED BY DAI HAN IS ANTI DASH RED AND ANTI DASH
INTERNATIONALISM BUT IT IS ALSO AIMED AGAINST CAPITALISTIC INSTITUTIONS PARA
BAKER PD STRONGHOLD OF DAI HAN APPEARS TO BE IN RAILROAD UNIONS THROUGHOUT SOUTH
KOREA CMA ALTHOUGH COMMUNISTS SABOTAGED FIVE ZERO LOCOMOTIVES SEVEN FEBRUARY
ONE NINE FOUR EIGHT PD EVERY EFFORT HAS BEEN MADE TO ORGANIZE CMA MONOPOLIZE
AND EXCLUDE ALL NON DASH CONFORMISTS OF DAI HAN CREDO FROM EMPLOYMENT IN RAILROAD
STATIONS CMA MARSHALLING YARDS CMA CAR SHOPS CMA ENGINEER AND CARMEN SECTIONS CMA
AND CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR CREWS CMA ALL OF WHICH ARE USUALLY FOUND IN URBAN
AREAS PARA CHARLIE PD SINCE RAILROAD STRIKES IN OCTOBER ONE NINE FOUR SIX WHICH
WERE INSTIGATED BY LEFTIST ELEMENTS IN CHUNG PYONG PAREN ALL KOREA COUNCIL OF
LABOR UNIONS PAREN CMA DAI HAN HAS TAKEN OVER ORGANIZED LABOR IN LAND TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM WITH AMAZINGLY GOOD RESULTS AND ARE NOW EXTENDING THEIR INFLUENCE TO MARINE
TRANSPORT UNIONS PD HOWEVER IN ASSUMING LEADERSHIP IT HAS TAKEN MANY LEFTISTS AND
KNOWN COMMUNISTS UNDER ITS JURISDICTION PD THIS COMMUNION OF RIGHTIST AND LEFTIST
INTO ONE DOMINATING UNION WAS COMPROMISE SINCE MANY OF TRAINED TECHNICAL PERSONNEL
WERE MEMBERS OF CHUNG PYONG BUT NECESSARY TO CONTINUOUS OPERATION OF RAILROAD PD
DAI HAN AUTHORITIES HAVE BEEN NOTIFIED BY UNCLE SUGAR AUTHORITIES OF COMMUNIST
ELEMENTS IN ORGANIZATION AND HAVE ACKNOWLEDGED ABSORBING THEM BUT HAVE CLAIMED TO
HAVE CONVERTED SOME WHILE KEEPING JAUNDICED EYE ON OTHERS PARA DOG PD ANOTHER
UNION OF VITAL INDUSTRY THAT COMMUNISTS HAVE FAILED TO PENETRATE TO ANY DEGREE
IS SEOUL ELECTRIC EMPLOYEES UNION CMA [illegible] BRANCH OF DAI HAN PD CHUNG PYONG
MEMBERS WHO FAILED TO INFILTRATE THE ELECTRICAL UNION HAVE RESORTED TO VIOLENCE
7 of 13
DECLASSIFIED
Authority [illegible]
SECRET
BY WRECKING GENERATORS CMA TRAM DASH CARS AND OTHER EQUIPMENT OPERATED BY DAI HAN FOLLOWERS PARA EASY PD LACK OF DATA ON COMMUNIST PENETRATIONS IN DAI HAN AFFILIATED UNIONS IN OTHER INDUSTRIES PRECLUDES KNOWLEDGE OF THEIR DEGREE OF SUCCESS PD IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE SMALL PARA TWO PD AT PRESENT CHUNG PYONG IS CONSIDERED TO HAVE LITTLE POTENTIAL PD ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY IS CURRENT TARGET OF CHUNG PYONG CMA PROBABLY MORE FROM FACE DASH SAVING ANGLE THAN FROM POLITICAL ANGLE PD FAIR DEGREE OF SUCCESS UNCLE SUGAR AND KOREANS HAVE HAD WITH ELECTRICITY SINCE SOVIETS CUT OFF ELECTRIC POWER FROM NORTH KOREA ON ONE FOUR MAY ONE NINE FOUR EIGHT HAS UNDOUBTEDLY BEEN CAUSE FOR CHAGRIN TO THE COMMUNISTS PD ON TWO SIX MARCH IN TAEJON COORDINATES PAREN ONE ZERO FOUR ZERO DASH ONE FOUR NINE ZERO PAREN STANDING COMMITTEE OF ELECTRICAL LABORERS ASSOCIATION PAREN AFFILIATE OF CHUNG PYONG PAREN MET WITH PURPOSES OF ESTABLISHING CELL OF UNION IN EVERY COMPANY IN TAEJON ENGAGED IN ELECTRICAL WORK AND OF SETTING UP AN EFFICIENT AND SECURE MESSENGER SYSTEM PARA ACCORDING TO REPORT DATED NINE NOVEMBER ONE NINE FOUR EIGHT STANDING COMMITTEE OF CHUNG PYONG IN INCHON AGREED QTE THAT PARTY IS TOO WEAK DUE TO MANY ARRESTS OF ITS MEMBERS BY POLICE CMA TO BE OF MUCH ASSISTANCE SHOULD TROUBLE BEGIN IN NEAR FUTURE PD UNQTE PARA THREE PD COMMUNIST PLANS AND THREATS OF SCHOOL STRIKES CMA STRIKES IN PARTICULAR INDUSTRIES AND GENERAL STRIKES HAVE BEEN REPORTED PERIODICALLY FOR SEVERAL MONTHS PD THERE WERE REPORTS THAT GENERAL STRIKE[illegible] WAS CALLED IN CONNECTION WITH SEVEN [illegible] FEBRUARY UPRISING PD EMPLOYEES OF FEW TEXTILE MILLS RESPONDED PD DOCK WORKERS IN INCHON REMAINED ON STRIKE FOR ABOUT THREE ZERO MINUTES PD XX COMMUNISTS CLAIMED STUDENTS STRUCK PAREN DURING HOLIDAY PAREN PD IT IS CONSIDERED THAT IF GENERAL STRIKE WAS ACTUALLY CALLED CMA IT WAS [illegible] TREMENDOUS FAILURE PD IT SHOULD BE BROUGHT OUT THAT IT IS PRACTICE ME OF SOUTH KOREAN COMMUNISTS TO SCHEDULE STRIKES DURING PERIODS OF HOLIDAYS SMCLN FOR EXAMPLE CMA SEVEN FEBRUARY WAS ON SATURDAY AND ONE ZERO FEBRUARY WAS NATIONAL HOLIDAY PD THE PROBABILITY OF STRIKE OCCURRING WITHOUT PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OF POLICE
8 of /3
DECLASSIFIED
Authority NND 94750
SECRET
OR GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES IS UNLIKELY PD FOR EXAMPLE CMA MINES HAVE BEEN UNDER
CLOSE SURVEILLANCE BY POLICE WHO IN TURN HAVE TRUSTED INFORMANTS AMONG WORKERS PD
IN ONE INSTANCE CMA ABLE MINE HAD BEEN PURGED OF LEFTIST MINERS BY ITS MANAGER
CMA FORMER POLICE INSPECTOR PD PULSE OF LABOR IN OTHER CRITICAL INDUSTRIES IS
CONSTANTLY BEING TAKEN BY POLICE PD THERE IS NO INDICATION THAT COMMUNISTS HAVE
ABILITY NOW TO REPEAT THE PARALYZING STRIKES OF SEPTEMBER ONE NINE FOUR SIX AND
MARCH ONE NINE FOUR SEVEN PARA PART CHARLIE PARA ONE PD POLICE CMA PARA WHETHER
IDEOLOGICALLY CONVINCED OR BY FORCE OF CIRCUMSTANCES POLICE ARE CLASSIFIED AS
EITHER RIGHTIST OR EXTREME RIGHTIST PD INDIVIDUALLY CMA LOYALTY IN DEPARTMENT
EXTENDS THROUGH NORMAL COMMAND CHANNELS AND BEYOND CMA THROUGH DEPARTMENT CMA
TO PRESIDENT PD THOUGH THERE HAVE BEEN INSTANCES OF COMMUNIST INFILTRATION
OF POLICE RANKS CMA DEPARTMENT IS ON ALERT AND THESE SUBVERSIVE ELEMENTS ARE
ELIMINATED UPON DISCOVERY PD POLICE HAVE REPEATEDLY DEMONSTRATED WILLINGNESS
TWO PD CONSTABULARY CMA PARA
TO KILL COMMUNISTS PARA/THE YOSU DASH SUNCHON [illegible] MUTINY DISCLOSED FOR CERTAINTY
WHAT HAS LONG BEEN REPORTED CMA THAT IS THAT CONSTABULARY HAS BEEN INFILTRATED BY
COMMUNISTS PD HOWEVER IT ALSO DEMONSTRATED THAT VAST MAJORITY OF CONSTABULARY
ARE LOYAL PD ELEMENTS OF AT LEAST SIX REGIMENTS WERE IN CONTACT WITH MUTINEERS
YET ONLY UNIT TO DESERT TO MUTINEERS WAS FIRST COMPANY SENT PArem ALONG PAREM
AGAINST THEM PD NOT ONLY WERE THERE NO OTHER REPORTED DISAFFECTIONS DURING
PERIOD OF MUTINY BUT UNITS WHICH SUBDUED MUTINEERS FOUGHT TO BEST OF THEIR
ABILITY AGAINST REBELLIOUS ELEMENTS PD PARA ON TWO NOVEMBER AN UPRISING AT TAEGU
INDICATED THAT BATTALION OF SIXTH REGIMENT WAS NOT ENTIRELY LOYAL PD ABLE
DISTURBANCE TOOK PLACE ON RIFLE RANGE WHEN SERGEANT BEING ARRESTED FOR COMMUNIST
ACTIVITIES KILLED ARRESTING OFFICER PD [illegible] DISTURBANCE INVOLVED APPROXIMATELY
FOUR ZERO ZERO CONSTABULARYMEN AND FEW CIVILIAN SYMPATHIZERS PD MOST CONSTABULARYMEN
QUICKLY SURRENDERED TO AN AMERICAN SHORN EIGHT ZERO OR NINE ZERO FLED WITH THEIR
WEAPONS AND WERE ROUNDED UP NEXT DAY PD [illegible] EXTENT OF COMMUNIST INFLUENCE
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HAS NOT YET BEEN DETERMINED PD CONSTABULARY OFFICIALS REPORT THAT CMA AS RESULT
OF SCREENING CMA SIX ZERO COMMUNISTS HAVE BEEN FOUND IN BATTALION PD IT IS
PROBABLE THAT THESE CHARACTERISTICALLY EXPLOITED AN INCIDENT WHICH IS EASY TO
DO WITH VOLATILE KOREANS PD SIGNIFICANT IS REPORT THAT ONE METHOD RIOT LEADERS
USED TO GET ENLISTED MEN OUT OF BARRACKS WHEN OUTBREAK STARTED WAS TO APPEAL
TO THEIR LOYALTY TO GOVERNMENT BY PRETENDING THAT THEY WERE TO FIGHT MUTINEERS FROM YOSU
WHO WERE APPROACHING TAEGU PD PARA SINCE SEPTEMBER CONSTABULARY INTELLIGENCE
PERSONNEL HAVE ARRESTED ABOUT ONE SIX ZERO ZERO SUSPECTED COMMUNISTS IN
CONSTABULARY SMCIN THE SEARCHING OUT IS CONTINUING PARA THREE PD COAST GUARD
CLN PARA WITH EXCEPTION OF TWO VESSELS WHICH DESERTED TO NORTH KOREA CMA ABOUT
SIX MONTHS AGO CMA THERE HAS BEEN LITTLE CONCRETE EVIDENCE IN WHICH TO QUESTION
LOYALTY OF COAST GUARD PD REPORTS OF SUBVERSIVE ELEMENTS HAVE BEEN REFERRED TO
APPROPRIATE COMMANDERS AND NECESSARY ACTION IS BEING TAKEN TO ELIMINATE THEM
PARA DURING YOSU UPRISING COAST GUARD ACTIVELY COOPERATED WITH CONSTABULARY
IN SUBDUING REVOLT PD THEY TRANSPORTED CONSTABULARY BATTALION TO LANDING AREA
CMA THEY ASSISTED LAND FORCE WITH FIRE SUPPORT AND THEY MADE THEIR COMMUNICATION
FACILITIES AVAILABLE TO OTHER SERVICES PD FURTHERMORE CMA THEY CONDUCTED
INDEPENDENT OPERATIONS TO SUBDUE SMALL MUTINEER GROUPS WHICH FLED TO ISLANDS
NEAR YOSU PARA FOUR PD THE PROBABILITY THAT INFILTRATED GROUPS WILL BE REMOVED
IS CONSIDERED GOOD PD IT IS CERTAIN THAT ONE ZERO ZERO PERCENT SUCCESS WILL NEVER
BE ACHIEVED PARA FIVE PD POLICE AND CONSTABULARY ARE UNABLE TO SEAL BORDER
COMPLETELY DUE PRINCIPALLY TO RUGGED TERRAIN PD THIS FACT IS MADE EVIDENT BY
CONSIDERATION OF FACT THAT NORTH KOREANS HAVE BEEN UNABLE TO SEAL BORDER IN
SPITE OF SUPERVISION BY SOVIETS CMA WHO ARE QUITE EXPERIENCED IN THAT PRACTISE
PARA SIX PD ALSO BECAUSE OF RUGGED TERRAIN IT IS NOT CONSIDERED THAT POLICE AND
CONSTABULARY WILL EVER BE ABLE TO ELIMINATE EXISTING GUERRILLA UNITS COMPLETELY
PD THE PRESENT POLICY IS TO IN GENERAL LEAVE GUERRILLA GROUP TO POLICE UNTIL
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DECLASSIFIED
Authority [illegible]
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SIZE OF GROUP IS KNOWN TO BE LARGE ENOUGH AND ITS LOCATION IS DEFINITE ENOUGH
TO JUSTIFY SUSPENDING CONSTABULARY TRAINING AND GO AFTER THEM PARA PART DOG PARA
ONE PD THERE IS CLOSER BOND IN FAMILY OF KOREAN FARMER THAN IN ANY OTHER PHASE
OF SOCIAL OR ECONOMIC LIFE PD THIS BOND IS PARTICULARLY STRONG BETWEEN FATHER
AND SON PD ALTHOUGH CASES ARE REPORTED WHERE PRODIGAL SON STRAYS FROM FATHERS
CONTROL AND JOINS POLITICAL PARTY CMA USUALLY LEFTISTS CMA TO THE FARMER HIMSELF
POLITICS IS INCIDENTAL, PARA TWO PD DESPITE GREAT EFFORTS OF ALL KOREA [illegible]
FARMERS ALLIANCE PAREN [illegible] AFFILIATE OF SKLP PAREN TO START AN AGRARIAN
MOVEMENT IN INTEREST OF COMMUNISM CMA FARMERS HAVE BEEN SLOW TO ACCEPT CLEVER
PROPAGANDA TO WHICH THEY HAVE BEEN EXPOSED FOR PAST THREE YEARS PD THOSE FARMERS
WHO HAVE SUCCUMBED TO LEFTIST LEADERSHIP HAVE HAD REASON TO REGRET IT WHEN
DEMANDS FOR LARGE RICE AND MONEY LEVIES ARE IMPOSED BY COMMUNISTIC LEADERS
THROUGH ACTS OF TERRORISM PARA THREE PD MOST POTENT THEME OF PROPAGANDA USED
BY COMMUNIST IS THAT IN OPPOSITION TO GOVERNMENTS GRAIN COLLECTION PROGRAM PD
IT CAN BE READILY SEEN THAT ALTHOUGH FARMER DOES NOT REALIZE THAT ON SOVIET
COLLECTION FARM HIS YIELD WOULD BE TAKEN WITHOUT COMPENSATION CMA IT IS
DIFFICULT FOR HIM TO JUSTIFY KOREAN GOVERNMENTS ACTION IN TAKING HIS PRODUCT
AT FIXED PRICE WHICH HE CONSIDERS INADEQUATE PARA FOUR PD FARMER CONTENDS THAT
IF GOVERNMENT EXPECTS HIM TO SELL HIS RICE AT CONTROLLED PRICE IT SHOULD ALSO
DISTRIBUTE OR SELL HOUSEHOLD AND PERSONAL ITEMS NECESSARY TO HIM AT CONTROLLED PRICES
COMMUNISTS HAVE BEEN QUICK TO EXPLOIT THIS LOGIC IN THEIR LINE OF PROPAGANDA
WHICH ARE IN RELATION TO THOSE PAID TO HIM FOR HIS RICE/PARA FIVE PD AVERAGE
FARMER IN SOUTH KOREA IS COMPLETELY ILLITERATE AND CAN EASILY BE AROUSED TO
PARTICIPATE IN CONCERTED ACTIONS OF MASSES CMA PARTICULARLY IN OPPOSITION TO
RICE COLLECTION PARA SIX PD SELLING OF LAND TO FIVE ZERO FIVE ZERO ZERO ZERO
FARMERS UNDER LAND REFORM ACT HAS UNDOUBTEDLY REDUCED COMMUNIST POTENTIAL AMONG
FARMERS TO SOME EXTENT PD IT IS [illegible] NOTEWORTHY THAT REPORTS HAVE BEEN
RECEIVED THAT NORTH KOREANS PAREN WHO HAVE HAD COMMUNIST LAND REFORM PAREN ARE
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MUCH [illegible] IMPRESSED BY FACT THAT SOUTH KOREAN FARMERS ACTUALLY RECEIVE TITLE
TO THEIR LAND PD
2/0240/2
ZGBI 1944
SECRET
DECLASSIFIED
Authority NND 947500
J. F. ERBE
CWO USA
ASST ADJ GEN
12 12
출처:
제주4·3평화재단 편,
『추가진상조사자료집-미국자료5』,
p. 216–227.
— NARA (RG 554, Entry 1380, Box 200)
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