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From: 030800/I Apr 48 To : 050800/I Apr 48 Headquarters, USAFIK Seoul, Korea 1000/I 05 April 1948 Confidential No. 801 MAPS: KOREA, 1/250,000 Eastern ASIA, 1/1,000,000 1. ARMED FORCES Negative 2. POLITICAL ACTIVITIES a. UNIFICATION MOVEMENT Conference Meets In SEOUL On 03 April the UNIFICATION INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT CONFERENCE was established in SEOUL. All organizations of the CONFERENCE were included either specifically or as a group in the invitation to attend the North-South political leaders conference. Except for KIM Koo's rightist KOREAN INDEPENDENCE PARTY this group is made up of moderate political and social organizations which have shown definite communistic tendencies. The 03 April meeting was attended by representatives of 120 organizations, 12 of which were political. The following is a list of the more important political parties repre- sented: Democratic Independence Party (NIN JOO TONG NIP DANG) Korean Independence Party (HAN KOOK DOK LIP DANG) Independent Laborers and Farmers Party (DAI HAN TOK NIP NO NONG DANG) Social Democratic Party (SAH HWEI MIN JOO DANG) New Progressive Party (SHIN JIN DANG) Korean Republican Party (CHOSUN KONG WHA DANG) Young Friends Party (DHONG OO DANG) Korean Young Mens Ass'n For National Construction (KEUN KOOK CHUNG NYUN HWEI) Korean Farmers Party (CHOSUN NONG MIN DANG) Both KIM Koo and KIM Kyu Sik spoke at the meeting and both stressed that Korean independence must be achieved by the Koreans themselves and could not be accomplished by other nations. KIM Kyu Sik was pessimistic as to the outcome of the North-South political conference, but stated that he was determined to make every possible effort for unification, even if it resulted in his imprisonment. The organization's platform and declaration calls for Koreans to solve their own problems and unification to prevent a separate election and government in South KOREA. (CIC M/R 03 April. A-2) b. Registration Low In KYONGSANG-PUKTO It is estimated by Military Government that of those eligible to register, 35 per cent in KYONGSANG-PUKTO and 67 per cent in CHUNGCHONG-PUKTO have done so. Registration in other provinces is between those two extremes. -1- Confidential DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 Confidential XXIV CORPS G-2 P/R #801 3. CIVIL UNREST a. Police Box Attacked In KYONGSANG-PUKTO At 022130 April the police box at SAN NE, KYONGJU GUN (1120-1440) was raided by 30 rioters armed with shotguns. One policeman was killed before the mob was dispersed by the police. (CIC P/R #81. Police rpt) b. CHEJU-DO Police Suffer Casualties In Riots Reports until 041200 April indicate that the CHEJU-DO police suffered heavy casualties from rioters during a twoday period beginning early 03 April. Killed Wounded Missing Police 4 5 3 Civilian - Rightist 9 16 4 Civilian - Communists 3 - - The number of separate attacks is not known. Rioters captured six US carbines, one Japanese carbine and 119 rounds of ammunition. (Police rpt) c. Registration Booths Raided In SEOUL Three men attacked both the Hwang Haag Dong and the Ro Go Saan Dong registration booths in SEOUL on 04 April. Acting as registrants the men attacked and took off several hundred registration cards. Furniture was damaged in one booth. The three men who attacked Huang Haag Dong were arrested and found to be members of the communist SOUTH KOREA LABOR PARTY. (Police rpt) 4. PSYCHOLOGICAL a. Translations of SEOUL Newspapers. (See Incl. #1) 5. SABOTAGE & ESPIONAGE Negative. 6. INTELLIGENCE CONCERNING ADJACENT AREAS Negative. Wattington AC of S, G-2 1 Incl. 1-Translation of SEOUL Newspapers Under the provisions of par 33a (1), AR 380-5, 15 Aug 46, authority is hereby granted for destruction of this document after it has served its purpose, and is of no further value to the receiving agency. This authority is extended to cover destruction of previous issues of this publication in accordance with the foregoing instructions. -2Confidential DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 P[illegible] #798 Confidential The police confiscated 100 shotgun shells, three sticks of dynamite, four blasting caps, a telescope and a Japanese saber. (CIC P/R #78. Police rpt) k. College Students Arrested In KYONGSANG-PUKTO (Delayed Report) Four students of the TAEGU (1150-1430) Agricultural College were arrested on 20 March for parading through the streets shouting "Long live the Republic" - "Oppose the UN Commission" - "Oppose the General Election". Bands of ten demonstrated in this manner throughout TAEGU. (CIC P/R #78. Police rpt) l. Four Communists Killed In KYONGSANG-NAMDO Mountains On 29 March the PUSAN (1200-1340) police made a search of the mountains in the area to apprehend the attackers of the WONDONG (1191-1378) police box 14 March. This search resulted in the death of four communists who resisted when the police found them. (CIC P/R #78. Police rpt) m. KYONGSANG-NAMDO Police Prevent Communist Attacks (1) Members of the communist SOUTH KOREA LABOR PARTY, taking advantage of a new police chief in CHINJU (1100-1350), planned a riot on 28 March. The police had knowledge of these plans, raided a meeting at 281800 March and arrested nine communists. In their possession was found dynamite caps and "Molotof cocktails." Later in the evening a suspicious character was arrested as he approached the main police station. The bundle he carried contained nine gasoline bottles and one dynamite bomb. During the same evening four gasoline bottles were thrown at the police box near the CHINJU railroad station. No damage was done. (CIC P/R #78. Police rpt) (2) An attack was planned for 27 March on the SAN CHONG GUN (1087-1384) police box. The police learned of the proposed attack and surprised a mob of 30 in the mountains. After a short fight the raiders fled - leaving behind two sticks of dynamite. (CIC P/R #78. Police rpt) n. KYONGSANG-NAMDO UNITED YOUNG MEN'S PARTY Headquarters Raided At 290100 March nine constabulary sergeants had a disagreement with UNITED YOUNG MEN'S PARTY members in the CHINHAI (1166-1352) hotel. As a result of this difference of opinion the constabulary raided the UYMP headquarters, destroying furniture, election propaganda and records. Seven members of UYMP were hospitalized. (CIC P/R #78. Police rpt) COMMENT: This action by members of the Korean Constabulary could be the result of communist infiltration into the organization. Current reports indicate the importance placed in this infiltration by the communists. (See Par 3d & o) o. Korean Constabulary Infiltration Communist Goal In KYONGSANG-PUKTO & CHOLLA-NAMDO Communists in TAEGU (1150-1430) and KWANGJU (990-1350) are of the opinion that the constabulary will be the deciding factor in the quest for power in South KOREA. For this reason communists are joining the KOREA Constabulary. Communists put much faith in the potential power that these infiltrated members will have, consequently their identity is being protected until an emergency or an opportune moment for action arises. (CIC P/R #78. C-3) -3- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 Confidential XXIV CORPS G-2 P/R #798 [illegible] p. Myun Mayor Beaten To Death In CHOLLA-NAMDO (Delayed Report) On 23 March the mayor of YUCHI MYUN (988-1308), the mayor's son and another civilian were beaten to death by a mob armed with clubs and spears. (CIC P/R #78. Police rpt) q. Communists Killed In Secret Meeting In CHOLLA-NAMDO At 291100 March the CHANG SAN RI (985-1288) police, in an attempt to arrest four SOUTH KOREA LABOR PARTY leaders holding a secret meeting, killed one of the men and arrested the other three. (CIC P/R #78. Police rpt) r. Anti-Election Registration Handbills Distributed In CHOLLA-NAMDO During the evenings of 28 and 29 March anti-election registration handbills were distributed in KWANGJU (990-1350). (CIC P/R #78. Translation) s. UNITED YOUNG MEN'S PARTY Members Attacked & Threatened In KYONGSANG-PUKTO On 13 March, 11 men in TO HO DONG, POHANG (1233-1462) attacked two members of the UNITED YOUNG MEN'S PARTY. Upon being released the UYMP members were told if they returned to the party fold they would be killed. (CIC P/R #78. B-3) t. Communists Admire Constabulary Rifles At a constabulary parade in TAEGU (1150-1430) a remark made by a communist spectator was "the constabulary have better rifles than the police so things should start looking up for us." The constabulary were carrying M1 rifles - this was the first knowledge the public has had that this type rifle had been issued to the constabulary. (CIC P/R #78. B-2) u. CHOLLA-NAMDO Police Recapture Weapon At 222300 March a policeman in YOSU (1075-1300) investigating two suspicious individuals was fired upon. The shot missed and the individual dropped the weapon and ran. The weapon was identified as one previously stolen from the YOSU police. (6IC P/R #78. Police rpt) v. Radio Instructions Given SOUTH KOREA LABOR PARTY Instructions from the NORTH KOREA LABOR PARTY to their southern counterpart are reportedly being disseminated by radio. The instructions are to terrorize - and hospitalize - rightist leaders, but not to kill them. The police "are not to be treated so gently." (CIC P/R #78. F-6) w. Five Companies On Strike In TAEGU, KYONGSANG-PUKTO As of 24 March five companies in TAEGU (1150-1430) were on strike, demanding higher wages and declaring their opposition to the general election. These companies include three machine shops, one transportation company and one coal company. The police have been unable to locate the leaders, as workers claim to have been ordered to strike by mail. (CIC P/R #78. Police rpt) x. SEOUL "Non-Violence" Street Car Strike Threatened The Street Car branch of the GREAT KOREAN LABOR ALLIANCE is contemplating a new strike in SEOUL. Employees will operate the street cars, but will not collect fares. The purpose of the -4- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 P/R #798 Confidential strike, the same as the 13 March strike (sec P/R #782), is to oust three of the company staff members. (CIC P/R #78. C-3) y. Communist Leaders Secret Meetings In March The following secret meetings of communist leaders were held during the month of March: (1) On 08 March - National meeting at INCHON (960- 1630), decided all activities for March would be extended through 01 April. (2) On 13 March - Provincial leaders meet in SEOUL. (3) On 16 March - Leaders of each province held meetings to pass plans on to gun leaders. (4) On 18 March - Gun leaders held meetings with their myun leaders. (CIC P/R #78. F-6) COMMENT: This time table, if accurate, indicates the time involved in the dissemination of plans from a national level to the lower units. 4. PSYCHOLOGICAL a. Translations of SEOUL Newspapers. (See Incl. #1) 5. SABOTAGE & ESPIONAGE Telephone Poles Cut In CHOLLA NAMDO At 241815 two telephone poles along the KWANGJU (990-1350)NAJU (970-1330) road were discovered cut off approximately 18 inches above the ground. (CIC P/R #78. A-1) 6. INTELLIGENCE CONCERNING ADJACENT AREAS Negative Wattington AC of S, G-2 1 Incl. Translation of SEOUL Newspapers Under the provisions of par 33a (1), AR 380-5, 15 Aug 46, authority is hereby granted for destruction of this document after it has served its purpose, and is of no further value to the receiving agency. This authority is extended to cover destruction of previous issues of this publication in accordance with the foregoing instructions. DECLASSIFIED Confidential Authority NND 745070 -5-