남조선 내 체제전복 활동: 남조선 경찰과 충돌하는 적대

HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY MILITARY GOVERNMENT IN KOREA Department of Police Seoul, Korea MGPOL 230.05 14 April 1947 SUBJECT: The Subersive Activities in South Korea; An Analysis Treating of the Inimical Power that the Korean National Police Encounters, and Proposing Some Stern Measures for Controlling it. TO : Major General ARCHER L. LERCH, Military Governor THRU : Col. W. F. MAGLIN, Advisor to the Director, National Police Mr. Ahn Chai Hong, Civil Administrator 1. Preliminary Remarks The doors of the Capitol Building, the Banto Hotel and the Duk-Soo Palace are widely open to hear the true voice of the people in a democratic way. However, too many of false complaints and petitions are flowing into them, by misusing the privilege accorded. A great bulk of them are against the Korean National Police. They are identical in form and spirit, condemning the police as undemocratic, oppressive, partisan, and pro-Japanese. The source is the same it is the commies and their allies who are the liemongers, changing the fronts and twisting the facts. The Patriotic and homely majority of the people make no complaints against the National Police, appreciative of its service rendered to them, in spite of many shortcomings and deficiencies inherent in it, due to the lack in its history and tradition. The power of this inimical group is mighty. Its sole objective is to discredit Military Government and disturb the police. It is a vast power of enmity that it has to encounter. This group makes in person the presentation of its cases, but usually it makes complaints in form of petition. As you know, the words in writing or printing exercises a magical power on human mind. If complaints of the same nature are repeated again and again, even the Commanding General or the Military Governor may be disposed to entertain some degree of doubt. There is nothing more harmful than the lack of confidence in the National Police, that will demoralize 29,000 men and women, who are patriotic in spirit and loyal to the Military Government, and who can be relied on any critical situations that it may face. Some measures must be taken to do away with this inimical environment in which the Korean National Police discharges its duties. This grave question is raised from the aspect of the National Police. Fundamentally speaking, the quick and wise solution of it will save the general and permanent interest of South Korea. II. Inspired and Dictated by North Korea. The Communists in North Korea and South Korea have one objective in common. They have a well planned design upon South Korea. They desire to conquer it with idealogy and force. The penninsula of Korea is to be the strategic point for the march of Communism. (1) DECLASSIFIED Korea is to be the second Poland of Europe and the Second Mongolia of the Far East. For the purpose of realizing this gigantic scheme, all the appropriate policies and measures are being carried in the north. Political and economic institutions are set after the pattern of the Soviet. The Class dictatorship is set-up in the name of the so called progressive democracy. The organized minority, a compact group of Communists, imposes its will upon the overwhelming majority. Radical Economic measures are taken with a view of establishing a communistic state. It is claimed that the governing power is in the hands of the people-the people's committee. But it is only a camouflage. The Political Bureau of the Soviet rules behind it, with the full support of the Russian Army. The Army forces of the Soviet are strengthened far above the actual need. And all the critical points are being fortified. The Korean Civil population is being trained and armed. A considerable force of the 8th Army (Communist Army Force in China) has been drawn into North Korea. Thus being prepared in political, economic and military strategy, the people in the north are openly speaking of conquering South Korea. At this juncture, the preparatory activities in this mission are entrusted in the hands of their communistic allies in the South, with the supplies of funds, agents and weapons. Let us observe, in the next paragraph, how and what the communists did and in doing in carrying out the task imposed on them. III. What the Communist Group have done in South Korea. The Communist and their allies have done nothing constructive in South Korea. On the contrary, they aimed to weaken and destroy what the Military Government tries to do for the rehabilitation of South Korea. Their enterprises are decidedly anti-Korean and anti-American. The Communist party and its associated organizations are employed as the medium of propaganda and as the agency of mobilizing man-power. The subversive publicity and the subversive activities are carried out with a thoroughness in planning and execution. The Communists planned one year program, beginning from March 1946 and ending in March 1947, for the destruction of South Korea. This one year was divided into four periods, each comprising three months and having a specific program to be carried out. The first period was called the preparation period, in which especially, the preparation in political and social organization was to be completed. The second period was called the period of propaganda, in which a comprehensive and destructive publicity was to be carried out. The third period was called the fighting period, in which various forms of social strife was to be staged. And the fourth period was named as the period of revolution, in which, following the success made in the third period, a revolutionary social war was to be carried in South Korea with the military aid of the armed forces of the north. The subversive activities were carried out in an exact conformity the program outlined as above. In the months of March, April and May of 1946, the organization of political and social bodies and their adjustment was completed. It should be remembered that a sort of political syndicate, the Democratic National Front was founded in this period, whose function it is to coordinate various groups under the suzerainty of the Communist party. (2) DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 And in this period, various functional social organizations were built up. In the second period, covering the months of July, August and September of the same year, an intensive and aggressive propaganda was carried out through hand bills, pamphlets, reports, public speeches, news columns and what not! It was and is pitiable that an immense quantity of valuable paper was wasted for this destructive purpose. The publicity had and has two aims; one was to discredit the Military Government abroad, and the other was to alienate from it the heart of the Korean people. The North of Korea was pictured as a political paradise, and the South Korea, as a hell of political oppression and economic inflation. The Military Government was to this group as the agency of colonization and explortation of the Korean people by the American Capitalism and imperialism, where the pro-Japanese and traitors conglomerated. They incited the people to make opposition to all the major policies of military government such as the rice collection program, the interim legislature plan, the National University plan, etc. In the third period, the tragic October riot was staged under the leadership and plan of this group. The ring-leaders of this sad event belonged to this group, who were responsible for murder, arsony and destruction of property, and for having brought national disgrace to Korea in the eyes of the world. It is fortunate that, with the backing of the American Army and the patriotic citizens, the National Police was able to quell down the riot within a short period of time. Having been defeated in their destructive efforts in the third period, the Leftists made a new attempt to recover their power with other plans. The nation wide school strike was staged. The second general strike of February was ordered and executed through the Chun-Ryung Labor Union. And social disturbances in the guerilla form are being carried out; sporadic disorders are instigated here and there. Police boxes are attacked; arms are taken away; Policemen are killed or drowned. Disorders of this sort do not cease even now. IV. The Mechanism of Making Subersive Movements: Its Development and its Illegality. We are now in order to examine the mechanism by which the subversive activities are carried out in South Korea. The Communist party in Moscow issues thesises. In turn, the Communist party of North Korea, in consultation with the Communist party of South Korea, interprets them and maps out general plans based on them. The Communist party in South Korea, after receiving instructions from the North, makes the detailed plans according to the basic social facts, and hands them over to be executed to the Democratic National Front - a sort of political clearing house. This organization, in turn, gives specific orders to the various political and social group under its control such as the Peoples Committee, the Peoples Party, the Chun-Ryung Labor Council the Farmers Union, the Youth Alliance, the Women's Alliance, The Student's Alliance, etc. The mechanism of the Leftist movement may be described in a diagramic form, and it is as follows: Communist Party in Moscow - to - Communist Party in North Kor to - Communist Party in South Korea - to - Democratic National Front - to - (Chun Ryung Labor Union, Farmers Union, Youth Alliance, Women's Alliance, Student Alliance, People's Committee, People's Party, Cultural Society and etc. (3) DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 Let us now briefly sketch the historical development of the mechanism. Right after 15 August 1945, there were organized simultaneously the Communist parties in North Korea. With Ryu Woon Hyung as the puppet leader, and with the encouragement given by the Japanese government in Korea, the communist did not lose time to organize the so-called Keun Kook (National Rehabilitation) Council patterned after the People's Committee in North Korea. This organization grew by leaps and bounds within 3 weeks, riding on the tide of patriotism of the homely folks, in spite of the fact that it contained the pro-Japanese element and the communist leadership. By an order from North Korea, this Keun Kook Council was transformed on 6 September 1945 into the so-called People's Republic. It looked and acted as a real government, exercising the administrative and judicial function until the end of October 1945, when General HODGE outlawed this body. From then, this organization has continued to exist by the name of the People's Committee. The various organizations of social and functional character, such as Labor Union, Farmer's Union and Youth Alliance, began to spring up. However, it was not until the spring of 1946 that these political and social organizations were compactly organized and fully coordinated by a political syndicate called the Democratic National Front. At the same time, we have to remember that, as the result of a conference held in Pyeng-Yong in November 1946 the leaders of the Communist Parties of North and South Korea, the title of Communist party was changed to that of Labor Party, with an appreciation of the social fact that the Korean people do not even like the very word "Communism". Now I will touch upon the criminal status of the organization under the Communist control. They are registered legally as political parties, but they are the criminal entities in South Korea. More than 80 percent of the violators of Proclamation II and Ordinance 19 belong to these organizations. The Police investigation shows that the ring-leaders of riots, strikes, and other collective disorders are the important members of these groups. Besides these inductive evidences, there are on our file countless documents as the direct proofs which contain the orders of the communist party directing the organizations under its control to carry out subversive propaganda and unlawful movements. V. The question of neutrality or Impartiality in the Treatment of Political Parties. The treatment of all political parties on the basis of impartiality is the golden rule of a true democracy. That is the only possible way to protect the freedom of expression, thus being guaranteed the sound and gradual growth of society as a living organism. However, the true application of this principle of impartiality is tenable only in societies where political activities are carried on within the bounds of law and order and where they do not endanger the very life of the State. In the countries like England and the United States, no differential treatment need be given to the conservative party and the labor party, or the democratic party and the republican party. Because they all make efforts to promote the permanent good of their nations, according to their cherished political ideals and platforms, and through the constitutional methods and procedures. But let us examine the situation existing in Greece of today. Can we safely apply without condition the principle of impartiality there, where exist two divergently opposing political groups, the Nationalist and the Communist. The former aims at promoting its national interest while the latter carries out the destructive movement, dictated by the external sources. (4) DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 The very same problem exists in South Korea today. Roughly speaking, we can say that there are in South Korea two opposing political groups, the Nationalist Group and the Communist Group and their allies. The former collaborates with Military Government, thinking of National reconstruction as its primary consideration. On the contrary, the latter destroys Military Government, dictated by the outside source and working for the realization of internationalism at the expense of national sacrifice. One is a patriotic and law abiding group, and the other is the national dissenters and unlawful entity. How can there by applied under such conditions the principle of political neutrality or impartiality? The Commanding General exercises the soverign power in South Korea in behalf of the Korean people. They expect him to exercise it, not from the standpoint of a third party, from this national point of view. In other words, they expect to have a settled political policy established. The Korean people believe that the Military Government has three fundamental political policies in governing South Korea. Firstly, not a fake, fraud and sloganic democracy, but a truly true and genuine democracy is to be established. Second, in establishing such a genuine democracy no revolutionary or destructive methods are allowed. Thirdly, it follows that the political liberty of every citizen is to be guaranteed. It is the aim of the Military Government to create a social environment where every and each citizen can throw freely his wise vote, to determine by the majority rule, or the forms of their government and economic system. The Korean people heartily concur in these policies and fully support them. We believe that no individuals or organizations have right to impose political ideas and political system with violent methods but organizational power. Even the Soviets have no right to impose its political institutuions upon us. It has only the privilege to learn through the press or radio what political system we have adopted. After discussing at length the question of political empartiality, we have to conclude that all anti-Korean, anti-American and unlawful political and social organizations, should be discouraged and suppressed in the permanent interest of Korea. VI. Terrorism and Unlawful Political Groups. Terrorism is the burning question of the day that the Korean people and the National Police faces. It must be rooted out for the cause of Korea. No National rehabilitation can be achieved without the preservation of peace and order. Our police cannot afford to relent its power to suppress it. However, it is wise for us to analyze realistically the phenomena terrorism that is rampant in South Korea today. Not from sentiment, not from prejudice, but - legal point of view, I am compelled to state that the fundamental cause of terroristic activities is due to the existence of the unlawful organizations which aim at the weakening and destruction of South Korea. These groups have continuously incited riots, labor strike, school strike and guerilla disturbance. They are responsible for the creation of the state of lawlessness. They perform these crimminc collective activities in the guise of political and social organizations, officially and legally registered under the Military Government. Moreover, the Military Government receives their petitions, and meet and discuss with their spokesmen at round table discussions in government buildings. DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 The average citizen is puzzled to know the reason why such privileges are accorded to such groups of such habitually criminal tendency and activities. The common people, especially the young, are indignant and impatient about the situation. They are inclined to take the laws in their own hands. Hence, beating, slapping, breaking the windows or smashing tables occur. This is, of course, serious enough. In order to stop these violent acts for good and all we must make a surgical operation to eradicate the state of lawlessness. VII. Recommendations. 1. All the illegal organizations, described above should be dissolved and they should be required to reorganize and reregister with new public pledges. 2. The South Korea Labor Party is the main source of inciting and committing collective crimes. Its criminal deeds should be indicted before the eyes of the public, therefore, Wuh Heun and his important associates should be criminally prosecuted. 3. The carrying out of the two previous recommendation is necessary to abolish the rampant state of lawlessness. However, in view of the bearing of such action on international situation, a commission of inquiry should be set up to evaluate the above recommendations and to submit its appropriate recommendations. The commission may be constituted according to the following: a. 12 members in all b. 3 members appointed by the Commanding General 3 " " by the Military Governor 6 " " from justice, legislature, and police respectively. 4. The National Police should be empowered to reorganize and strengthen its detective service, so as to gather intelligence concerning the subversive activities of political and social organizations. It is generally recognized everywhere in the world that the primary cause of disturbing peace and order is found not in individual but crimes in collective actions prompted political groups. Therefore, every modern state has the system of political police. CIC is an illustration of the case. South Korea must have an intelligence service, similar to CIC, to prevent the crimes of political and collective nature. H. O. [illegible] Director National Police DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070