경무부장 조병옥의 제주도 사태 해결에 관한 견해

OPINION ON THE SETTLEMENT OF THE CHEJU SITUATION:　　　23 July 1948 , at Cheju-Do 　　　　by Aoh Pyung Uk, Superintendent 　　　　of National Police Department (1) Causes of the riot; We can enumerate many causes of the Cheju riot, but the main reasons are as follows; a) Directives of the North Korea labor Party and the direct agitation by it. b) This island was not superintendented carefully by the central government on account of the remote distance. c) Unstabilized attitudes of the officials from mainland. d) Island people's exclusive idea. e)2) Many corruptive officials and their illegal acts. f)2) The negligence of the irresponsible high officials gave the leftists a good opportunity to organize their strong systems all over the island. g) Police took too severe revengeful measures towards the rioters for the crimes which rioters committed against the policemen and their families. We can say that, however, the Korean Labor Party's agitations stratagem, directives, propaganda, which we already experienced its cruel polices in every place, are the main reason. (2) LEFTISTS' TACTICS ; The Cheju situation, once dangerous and worried by the rioters cruelty, was recently settled much, under the splendid activities of both police and constabulary, which was much strengthened through the landing of their reinforcements; and the rioters , crawling now in the deep mountains, began to crumble due to the difficulties of food. Recently, however, the assumption of new high officials, and their lenient polices gave the rioters another chance to rise. They, pretending to cooperate and welcome the new governor and police chief who are island people, are now strengthening X their underground movement, preparing for the next large scaled riot.x[illegible] cell system and reconstructing Some says that lately Cheju riot has settled much, but the present situation is, like the explosive held, is really dangerous one which we cannot allow the peace of mind even one minute. (3) Lenient and mild policies by the new governor and police chief; As above mentioned, the Cheju situation, being the agitation and stratagem of the communist party, cannot be settled through simple measures. Even the ardent and sincere enlightening and instruction policky is effective only through the following of strong policy. Taking consideration of the island people's living circumstances and their cultural level it is quite necessary to seperate the people from the rioters by stronger measures. (4) Our Proposals ; a) The necessity of the establishment of a certain unified organ to strengthen the public peace of this island. At present, the problem of public peace is them most important matter in Cheju island. In order to solve the riot and settle the people's mind, it is necessary to establish for a while a certain high organization, consisting of army, police, and government, for example, " Committee for the settlement of Cheju public peace" through which the police, army, official can unify each other, and unifying in this way, every organ display its own ability. For instance, police endeaver chiefly for the public peace; constabulary works for the fighting ; every administrative organ, provincial government, KUNT MYUN, pour their whole strengthening to the enlightening, instructing and cultural development, and reconstruction of roads and bridges will make the activities of the examination-organ-for-the police easy. b) Establishment of the examination organ for the surrendered rioters; Under the above-mentioned committee, establish a committee to examine carefully the surrendered rioters, for instance, "examination committee of surrendered rioters?" c) Establishment of an organization of surrendered people; Under the supervision of the police, let the surrendered people organize their own organization, in mder to give them an opportunity to convert their thought and to resist to the communists and establish the head-office in Cheju-cup and branch-offices to the places where police-branch located. Thus watching and training them carefully, make them cooperate the police in collecting information and others. d) ror-mation of the grouped house and its system of responsibility, ;Removing the out-of-the-way-place houses to a definite proper villages, form assembly villages, letting the every member of the assembly villages take the whole responsibility for the public peace. e) Promote the development of the patriotic youngmen's association. Promote the development of the patriotioyoungmen's associ ation which are inclined to be depressed since the 4.3 riot, and let them cooperate the authorities positively in the information collecting and villages protecting. f) It goes without saying that the fine road is necessary in the maintenance of public peace. At present, in this island, there is only one highway which runs round the island, constructed by the Jap. army during the war-time. Owing to the incomplete roads, much troublesand hardships happened. It is quite necessary to construct quickly more roads, including the roads which runs round the whole island along the mountain side, thus, making every authorities' activities easy to do in emergency, contributing to the development of the island. According to the statement of authorities, the mountain side road is expected to be constructed easily. g) Opinions concerning police administration; This is an isolated island, far away from mainland, and the cultural level is lower than that of mainland. The press, published in Seoul, reaches here about a week after. The adle Cheju press," CHEJU SINBO" is too low in the cultural level, tosatisfy the intelligent person's mind. In addition to it, we cannot listen to the radio news due to the deficiency of the electric power. These above-mentioned unfortunate conditions make every person from mainland disappointed. Anyhow, every road, bridge and other equipment in this island are left unrebuilded and unreconstructed yet; all of them are not restored at all since liberation. This island can be turned to a fine utopia by adding a sig ght repair, artifice. It is the custom of the island people that the learned and wealthy persons would remove to the mainland, and only the ignorants remain here. Recently it seems that the authorities is planning to hire only island people as officials, but it will, ater all, reduce to failure. Anyway, this is a serious problem to reconsider. USUALLY, the officials from mainland come to this island under the condition of raising one degree of their ranks. But most of them are unstable in their attitude, in other world, they lack the sincerity to work permanently for this island. Even the high officials come here alone without taking their families with them. As they haven't any intention to live long in this island, their administrative policies, Ynaturally, tend to be irresponsible and unstable. For instance, the official residence, usable if repaired a little, are remained as it is, owing to the irresponsibility of the officials. Now there are approximately thousand rioters, the supporters of them the supporters of them; are numbered 60 thousands. Therefore, we can say that almost all the [illegible] a people have their relatives and friends among the rioters. island Naturally, it is imagined that the policemen has their relatives and friends among rioters rioters. Therefore, although the natives; policemen are usually stable, they cannot work positively and strongly, the policemen from main- p[illegible] land are not stable, but they can work strongly and [illegible]esolutely as they haven't any relatives among island people. This is really important problemwhich the highest responsible officials must consider carefully. We think that it may be a good way to join this island to the cholla-namdo, and place under the control of it, thus enabling to exchange the official between mainland and island. h) Opinions concerning the tactics and plan of the police: Hitherto, the police reinforcements were used only in strengthening the branch-stations and the police could not display its total ability, being restricted by the regulation decided between [illegible] the police and the constabulary, according to it, police activities are restricted within 4 kiro metres from the mainroad. Hereafter, police should put to the every branch-station less than 10 policemen, and put therein lus policemen to theprincipal mountainous villages near mountainside road, thus enabling these policemen to form armed and mounted corps any time, and to go round connecting each station. To four or eight important places put automobile corps, and let them go round neighboring areas and encourage every police-branch. Such methods will be much helpful in stimulating policements morale and setting the people's minds at ease. Thus, these two highways, the mainroad near coast side and the the mountain side road to be constructed, will not very important role in settling the Cheju riot, and the rioters who invaded the districts be-tween the two roads will be easily subjugated. Thus, the solution of the riot will be rapidly accomplished . (i) Friendly relation and unification of the police and constabulary : It is very sorry and yet serious matter to have discord between the police and the constabulary, now although the high officials of both sides, are endeavoring to promote the friendly relation between this two organs, the goal is still a long way off. | unless this friction is solved rapidly, it will bring a serious problem in future. It may be one way to test and see the result of it, throwing the whole responsibility to one side. If only the police takes the whole responsibility of this island, police need 100% members as standing members and 1000 members as temporary reinforcement s; and three months are enough to settle the riot. this is all the high policemen's opinions. (5) CONCLUSION; As above mentioned , existing temporary lull situation is the most dangerous one which requires careful consideration. Has this temporary peaceful situation been brought by the subjugation by the armed powers? or is this the reflection of the mild policies by the new governor and police chief? or rioters' temporary cessation in order to prepare for the next disturbance? Anyhow, as this riot happened through the policy of the communist party, exiters it will last as long as the communist party exists. Especially, with the approachment of the 3.15 commemoration, a large scaled riot is expected to happen. Their hostile feeling against the South Korean political situation is violent.