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THE FOREIGN SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA No. 149 United States Political Advisor Office, Hq. XXIV Corps, APO 235, c/o PM, San Francisco, California. SECRET FOR STATE DEPT USE ONLY Seoul, Korea, July 2, 1948 SUBJECT: Disturbances on Cheju Island NORTH EAST ASIAN AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT OF STATE THE HONORABLE THE SECRETARY OF STATE, WASHINGTON. SIR: In connection with the disturbances on Cheju Island, which we attribute in a general way to Communist activities, I have the honor to enclose a copy of a secret memorandum dated June 16, 1948, prepared for the Commanding General by his Deputy who visited the Island. Perusal of this memorandum will give a more accurate view of the situation there and the various disturbing factors which enable the Communist elements to take advantage of the situation for furtherance of their aims. This despatch should not be distributed outside of a limited circle within the Department itself because it is a copy of an Army document which should be treated strictly as its classification —secret—indicates. Respectfully yours, Joseph E. Jacobs United States Political Adviser Enclosure: Copy of report on Cheju Island disturbances. <첨부문서> 제주도 소요관련 보고서 사본(1948. 6. 16) Enclosure to despatch no. 199 July 2, 1948 Seoul, Korea, "Disturbances on Cheju Island" [illegible] [illegible] S[illegible] [illegible] SECRET [illegible] CG: COPY [illegible] PH[illegible] [illegible] p [illegible] 24 [illegible] 248 MEMORANDL FOR: The Commanding General SUBJECT: Visit to Cheju Do, 13 June, 1948 a1. Operations. [illegible] the forward [illegible] is conducting [illegible] operations [illegible] [illegible] a. Four Constabulary battalions and move been stationed to the north, east, west and south sides of the Island respectively, with about two companies in each battalion on substations in the battalion area. The police are charged with the responsibility of security in the coastal area and the Constabulary all areas exclusive of the coastal area. b. Searching of Constabulary areas simultaneously by all battalions working inland toward the high point of the mountain as the common objective is scheduled to be completed and troops back at their base camps today (16 June). c. About three thousand persons have been apprehended and screened during this operation. At present there are 575 persons, including two women, in the stockade at Cheju now being screened again by four interrogation teams. In this search, several subleaders were apprehended and through them, caches in caves in the mountains have been located. 500,000 yen, arms, food and equipment have been captured. At the time of my visit, headquarters in Cheju was out of communication with battalions other than by runner, so results of the operations on the 15th had not been received d. The operation has scattered the raiders into small bands who are on the run and in hiding. A second operation is contemplated in a few days to search the island from north and south in reverse order by adjoining battalions to surprise the raiders and with the hope of apprehending more 2. Conditions. a. The conditions are much improved but will be lost unless a well organized information and reorientation program is rigorously executed. b. Communist trained agents are highly organized on the Island and Colonel Brown estimates that about 80% of the population are connected or adhere to the Communist set up through fear. Each village has a Communist cell and unless the inhabitants do as directed, they are shot, or beaten. or their homes are burned. Colonel Brown is of the opinion that the organization of the Island has been effected by the South Korean Labor Party. Except for few agents sent in from China, or Manchuria, or North Korea, most of the raiders were trained natives. Few arms and a very little equipment have been found that could not have been obtained on the Island from old Japanese, American sources, or locally made. [illegible] the [illegible] fire in constant fear and cooperat. ith the Com[illegible] [illegible] be[illegible] of that [illegible] grade[illegible] [illegible] in [illegible] [illegible] been reopened but idle school students are on strike and so far have re- ised to return. leftist tendencies have found fertile rowth in these students and they are acting in accordance ith instructions. d. The police brutality, and economic conditions the Island have contributed immeasurably to the work f the Communists and will require long and thorough treat- ent. The police activities are well known in this headquarters. e. The economic situation is intolerable and corrective tion must be taken on a little headway can be made. f. The Island, unlike the mainland, does not derive s major income from rice. Other grains are produced. The ajor crop of the Island has been the sweet potato for con- ersion into alcohol. The Japanese operated a large alcohol lant at Cheju, buying the potatoes from the farmers. The 946 and 1947 crops were purchased and alcohol made. g. Colonel Brown states that the operations of the lant sold the last year's production of alcohol and, through heft or other disposition, have no funds to purchase present risting crop on the Island the plant is closed. The value f the crop is about 40,000,000 yen. The farmers are approach- ng planting season now and with their last crop on their hands re confused and do not know what to plant. h. Unless this situation is corrected without de- ay, serious trouble there can be expected both economically nd politically. 3. Miscellaneous Items. a. There are three Japanese fishing boats tied up a Cheju basin that were seized for being in local waters, nd have been there for six months without action taken as o their disposition. The Japanese crews live in the boats nd are fed from provincial sources. These boats should be eleased, or employed in local fishing to assist local economy. b. An FS boat, aground in the harbor, is beyond urther use. There is machinery aboard, such as lathes, tc., that could be used locally if salvage would be permitted. c. The retaining wall on the quay at Cheju is badly undermined from high seas of past seasons. It can be saved ow by chucking stone into washed cut areas. If this work s not done soon the entire port will be subject to destruction and the only suitable port on the Island made inoperable. 4. Recommendations: The above information is based upon statements of Colonel Brown and by personal observation. No doubt Military Government is cognizant of the above conditions, but I feel that conditions—there are of such nature that prompt— action should be taken. Therefore, the following recommendations are made: a. A comprehensive reorientation of the inhabitants of Cheju be made by OCI, mainly through Korean personnel, be effected without delay. Communist hold on the Island must be eliminated or serious effect on the island will result. b. An efficient and reliable police force be stationed on the Island. c. A mobile, efficient Constabulary force should be stationed on the Island until the police can take over security responsibility. d. Action be taken to remedy the present intolerable situation relative to the potato crop and operation of alcohol plant. e. Action taken to dispose of the three Japanese fishing boats in the harbor. f. Salvage of the FS boat be effected. g. Repair of retaining wall on quay be accomplished at earliest practicable time.