5‧10선거 실시에 관한 군정청 보고서

[illegible] 225 [illegible] [illegible] United States Political Adviser, Ho. XXIV Corps, APO 235 c/o PM, San Francisco, California [illegible] Re: [illegible] Seoul, Korea, July 22, 1948 [illegible] AUG - 5 1948 [illegible] SUBJECT Report on United States DEPARTMENT [illegible] nt's Association with the Korean Election [illegible] [illegible] 3/8/75 to, [illegible] EA THE HONORABLE [illegible] fc -- THE SECRE ARE OF STATE - cf [illegible] 4-73 WASHINGTON With reference to Seoul POLAD despatch No. 185, June 25, 1948, transmitting three sets of a secret report prepared by the Command's Liaison Officer on the activities of the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea, I have the honor to enclose four copies of the "restricted" report prepared by the United States Military Government in Korea on its activities in connection with the holding of the Korean election on May 10, 1948. There are also enclosed four copies of the Military Governor's memorandum of July 10, 1948 to the Commanding General transmitting this report. As suggested in connection with the Liaison Officer's report, the information contained in the report transmitted herewith may be of assistance to the Department's officers who handle the Korean problem during the meeting of the General Assembly at Paris. In addition, both reports will be of interest for historical purposes. Respectfully yours, Joseph K. Jacobs United States Political Adviser Enclosures: [illegible] 1. 4 sets of report by USAMGIK 2. 4 copies of memorandum July 10, 1948 .from Military Governor to Commanding General <첨부문서> 5·10선거와 주한미군정청 활동에 관한 보고서(1948. 7. 10) Enclosures N [illegible] to despatch No. 225, July 12, 1948, Seoul, Korea, [illegible] on United States Military [illegible] Activities in Connection with the Korean Election of May 10, 1948 [illegible] COPY HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY MILITARY GOVERNMENT IN KOREA Office of the Military Governor APO 235 UNIT 2 10 July 1948 SUBJECT: Report of the Holding of Elections in South Korea TO : Commanding General United States Army Forces in Korea APO 235 1. Attached are seventeen (17) copies of a report en- titled: "Report of the Military Governor of the holding of elections in South Korea on 10 May 1948, leading to the estab- lishment of a Korean National Assembly and Government under the observation of the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea (UNTCOK)." (See attached inclosure for recommended distribution). 2. The Korean people have demonstrated beyond doubt that they are capable of holding, under normal conditions, fair, honest, and efficient elections in the best democratic tra- ditions. The administrative and organizing abilities of of- ficials of the South Korean Interim Government and the National Election and subordinate Committees during the 10 May elections were of a uniformly high order. The efforts of Communist and dissident elements to stop the elections and to confuse the people were generally speaking ineffective. 3. The attached report shows that the leadership, drive, energy and technical direction of United States advisers in SKIG and the Chief Civil Affairs Officers in the Provinces, were responsible to a considerable extent for the success of the election of the executive and policy level. This statement does not, of course, detract in the least from the magnificent work of the Koreans in the organization and administration of the election machinery itself. 4. Largely because of the important role of the U. S. officials in this election the attached report is classified as "Restricted." For international reasons, it is inadvisable to stress overly U.S. participation publicly at this time. 5. The National Election Committee has prepared a report of the part that was played by that and subordinate committees and officials in the election. An English copy will be for- warded separately as soon as translated. That report should be suitable for publicity purposes in South Korea. /s/ W. F. Dean W. F. DEAN Major General, United States Army Military Governor <첨부문서> 선거결과 보고 R E S T R I C T E D A N N E X Subject Preamble I - PREPARATORY PHASES 1. Technical and Administrative Arrangements 2. Budget for Election Expenses 3. Measures Taken for Attainment of "Free Atmosphere" For Elections 4. Adoption of Election Date, Election Law and Regulations 5. Information Program II - REGISTRATION AND ELECTIONS 6. Registration and Elections in Seoul City and the Provinces 7. Communist Efforts to Disrupt and Prevent Elections 8. UN Observation of Elections 9. Official Results of the Election III - NATIONAL ELECTION COMMITTEE AND FLECTION REVIEW BOARD 10. National Election Committee 11. Election Review Board IV - ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY 12. Convocation of National Assembly Summary I - PREPARATORY PHASES 2. Budget for Election Expenses [illegible] requests, for funds were received from the [illegible] Election Committee to cover expenses for rent of polling [illegible] local publication of notices, transportation, etc., for [illegible] to the provinces, totalling W122,760,000. Several conferences with the Military Governor and the National Election Committee resulted in reducing this amount to W28,000,000 which [illegible] approved. This amount was broken down for allocation to the [illegible], and a directive covering the allocation of these [illegible] was prepared and issued on 15 April. Included in this dir- [illegible] was a strong statement to the effect that no further funds would be allocated, and that every available government resource would be used in order to keep expenditures down. The final budget amounted to W851,798,000. ALLOCATIONS BY PROVINCES AND OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION Funds Allocated City of Seoul W27,656,000.00 Kyonggi-Do 63,818,600.00 Kang Won-Do 30,409,600.00 Kyang Sang Pukto 92,570,600.00 Kyong Sang Namdo 69,439,700.00 Cholla Pukto 63,422,500.00 Cholla Namdo 71,385,500.00 Chung Chong Pukto 30,083,200.00 Chung Chong Namdo 58,138,600.00 Cheju Do 8,542,700.00 Office of Administration 336,331,000.00 W 851,798,000.00 4. Adoption of Election Date, Election Law and Regulations. a. Decision of Election Date. (1) Paragraph 2, Part II of the United Nations Resolution of 14 November 1947, recommended "... that the elections be held not later than 31 March 1948 ..." It was recognized by UNTCOK before its arrival in Seoul that holding the elections by this date would be impossible and there never was any discussion with the U.S. authorities proposing that this deadline be met. (2) Influence of Planting Season: On the 19th of January, the U.S. Liaison Officer sent a "Spring Agricultural Calendar" prepared in the Department of Agriculture (Major C. [illegible] Adviser) to UNTCOK and in an accompanying note said: "It is suggested from the viewpoint of agriculture that the first week in May is the very latest period during which elections should be held." The planting season was recognized by both the U.S. authorities and UNTCOK as being the greatest influence in the establishment of an election date. Mr. Petrus J. Schmidt, the Principal Secretary, on 20 February remarked to the U.S. Liaison Officer: "We were exceedingly glad to get, when we first arrived here, a calendar giving the planting schedule. This more than anything else helped to push the work along. It was the thing I needed to convince the delegates that they must reach some decision by the first of March." (3) An earlier election date would have interrupted spring plantings in Kyonggi and Kangwon Do; a later one would have affected seeding farther south and transplanting in the north. Inasmuch as initial plantings and the subsequent transplanting of rice are dates that must be closely adhered to, the proper timing of the election undoubtedly contributed to its success. Due to the timeliness and because the election itself was carried through with a minimum of unrest there was only slight interference in the regular agricultural routine. Fisheries in Cheju Do were most affected, with production only 30 to 40% of normal. (4) The selection of the actual date on which elections were to be held was carefully coordinated between UNTCOK and the U.S. Command. The agreement to hold elections not later than 10 May 1948, with the understanding that the U.S. authorities would select 9 May as the specific date, was reached on 29 February. At the same time, however, the U.S. Liaison officer carefully warned Mr. Schmidt, the Principal Secretary of UNTCOK, that the selection of this date was conditional upon the U.S. authorities receiving promptly UNTCOK comments on the Election Law and Regulations, without which it was impossible to proceed with essential election preparations. II - REGISTRATION AND ELECTIONS 6. Registration and Elections in Seoul and the Provinces. (10) Cheju Island On the island of Cheju, long the scene of [illegible] vendettas, the Communists apparently made their [illegible] effort to disrupt the elections. Trained agitators and [illegible] armed groups were sent to Cheju from other provinces to [illegible] and halt, if possible, the registration and balloting. [illegible] casualties on Cheju Island were considerable. For the entire [illegible] the Communist subversive effort beginning 7 February [illegible] 14 May (Communist subversive activities still continue [illegible] astonishing scale on Cheju) the figures wore: Election officials - Killed 4 (More than any other province) [illegible] Police - Killed 12 Wounded 25 (Second highest total among provinces) Families of Police - Killed 6 Wounded 3 (Highest total among provinces) [illegible] Additionally 42 persons were killed and 60 wounded by Com- [illegible] indiscriminate attacks on Cheju Island. The Communists [illegible] armed, principally with Japanese weapons, and the [illegible] areas of the island, afforded excellent concealment [illegible] for launching raids on villages. There was considerable [illegible] of both election officials and voters and in some [illegible]lete destruction of balloting places, particularly in [illegible] In some cases almost the entire village population [illegible] force on Election Day. [illegible] [illegible] vicious campaign by the Communists, excellent [illegible] results were obtained. In the three electoral dis- [illegible] (2 in North and 1 in South Cheju) a total of 69.8% [illegible] and 86.6 of actual registrants voted. (Inclosure [illegible] in North Cheju the voting was higher, however, than in [illegible] area in South Korea: South Cheju No. of Reg-istered Voters No. of Actual Voters Voting Districts Districts Where Votes Could Not Be Counted [illegible] 1 Dis-[illegible] 27,560 11,912 73 42 [illegible] Dis-[illegible] 20,917 9,724 61 29 (Inclosure No. 54) In view of the situation prevailing on Cheju, the Military Governor, on recommendation of the National Election Committee, invalidated the voting in the two electoral districts of North Cheju. Elections in these areas were postponed indefinitely. (See Inclosure No. 46 for detailed report of U.S. observers). (11) Report of Chief Adviser and USAMGK Liaison Officer (Colonel Wm. F. Center, Acting Chief Adviser, and Lt. Colonel Charles G. Duffy, Liaison Officer) Attached as Inclosure No. 47 is a report of the Office of the Adviser, South Korean Interim Government, which coordinated the various overall steps within the responsibility of the United States Army Military Government in Korea and the South Korean Interim Government. This office, through Colonel Duffy, also acted as liaison link between the U.S. Liaison Officer with the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea and the United States Army Military Government in Korea and also between the latter and the National Election Committee. (For photographs of Election Day balloting and other election activity, see Inclosures Nos. 47A to 470.) 7. Communist Efforts to Disrupt and Prevent Elections. A. Beginning on 7 February 1948, the Communists began an intensive, comprehensive effort to disrupt and prevent the 10 May elections in South Korea and to force the UNTCOK to leave Korea. That effort included murder, arson, violence, strikes, demonstrations, bribery, incitement to riot and revolution, intimidation, and propaganda. There was no doubt that the entire campaign was planned in Pyongyang and directed from Voroshilov (Eastern Siberian Military Headquarters) and Moscow. b. The attempted 7 February general strike and the consequent disturbances and rioting were a prelude to the overall plan. This effort generally failed although it represented almost a maximum Communist effort. c. The PYONGYANG Radio in North Korea trumpeted the major official themes of the campaign: "The armies of both U.S. and U.S.S.R. should withdraw at once." "The 10 May election means the permanent division of Korea." "The United States intends to colonize Korea as part of an imperialistic plan." "Pro-Japs and national traitors should be destroyed." Subsidiary propaganda was to be spread by Communist agents as follows: (1) A Korean People's Republic was already established in North Korea. (2) An army of three [illegible] of [illegible] soldiers has been set up in North Korea while South Korea has a very feeble national defense power. (3) KIM, Il Sung (North Korea Communist leader) will conquer South Korea by force within a short time. (4) The practical action to be taken was: "Grasp the chance now that the people are restless, and assail the police stations, killing policemen and rightist leaders. Tell the people that if they do not oppose the general election, they will be punished as traitors." d. Riots and disturbances were to be fomented at meetings (1) denouncing the U.N. Commission, (2) insisting that both occupation forces withdraw and (3) urging transfer of the political power to the people. Women would be sent to the administrative authorities to demand food. Food would be stolen and distributed to the people. When the Police and Dai Dong Youth Party interrupted meetings, the Communists were to crush them completely. When the people were ready to assault government and public offices, the leaders were to disappear to evade responsibility but the assault would not be stopped. Fighting was to be continued so that it would paralyze peace and order. e. Special instructions were issued in connection with the above efforts: (1) For propagandizing, assaulting and destructive pur[illegible] poses, strangers from other districts were to be used. (2) Leaders were to be either poor farmers or people who[illegible] [illegible] revolutionary spirit" in the fight of February [illegible] [illegible] (3) The Constabulary was to be bribed and induced to [illegible] with the police. Although the Communist efforts were well planned and vigorously executed, the elections were carried out in most of Southern Korea quietly and efficiently. (On Cheju Island and in the Southern provinces the Communists made major efforts to stop the election and create chaos and revolution, particularly on Cheju). During the election week-end of 8-10 May there were 57 attacks on voting booths, 7 policemen killed, 1 candidate wounded and 5 election officials killed besides numerous other killings and incidents involving sabotage of industry and communications, [illegible]es; etc. But the entire campaign of the Communists from [illegible]February through 14 May totalled many more: Election offices attacked 134 Killed Wounded Election officials and candidates 17 65 Police and their families 56 142 (49 policemen) (128 policemen) Communists and rioters 261 123 (See Inclosure No. 48 for complete details). The Communists aided by family vendettas and isolation of Cheju Island, succeeded in disrupting the elections there suffi- ciently to cause the Military Governor to order new elections. The Communists made a powerful effort on Cheju Island and apparently brought in numbers of trained agitators and quantities of arms and ammunition from other areas and from North Korea itself. The [illegible] continues and may be played up on Communist radio broad- [illegible] as the "Greece of the Orient." One of the most quieting influences on the election was [illegible]ganization of the "Community Protective Corps (Hyang Boh Dan) [illegible] approval of the South Korean Interim Government shortly [illegible] the election solely to guard against the anticipated [illegible] disruptive [illegible] and interference with the elections. This vigilante-type body of men was organized from citizens and members of youth groups to [illegible] with [illegible]. It was dissolved [illegible] May 1948 by Mr. [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] Administration of SKIG, with the approval of the Military Governor. The body [illegible] served a good purpose although (inevitably) there were a few reports of excesses [illegible] by [illegible] members of the Corps. b. Korean Constabulary [illegible] (First, Corn. [illegible]. Roberts, Adviser) (1) [illegible] entire [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] was alerted for possible action and immediate movement. (2) Every American Adviser was directed to be physically present with the unit to which he was assigned, from 081800 May 1948 to 121800 May 1948. Other instructions directed the safe- guarding of weapons and ammunition. An American duty officer was present at this Headquarters night and day from 080800 May to 121800 May. American advisers in the field established liaison with Civil Affairs Officer of each province, who called out Korean Constabulary for special guards in many provinces. (3) Twenty-two (22) platoons were alerted to guard as many prisons; in some cases where unit was not close to prison earmarked for guard, the unit did not move out to a closer area near the prison, but still remained on an alert status. (4) The Korean Constabulary also assumed the responsibility of guarding four (4) Hydro plants and four (4) Thermal plants. (5) Four (4) Platoons from 4th Regiment were sent to isolated places for security reasons. (6) On Cheju Do Island, the Korean Constabulary assisted in guarding the voting boxes. ORGANIZATION CHART SOUTH KOREA INTERIM GOVERNMENT I JANUARY 1948 MILITARY GOVERNOR DEPUTY MILITARY GOVERNOR EXECUTIVE BRANCH CIVIL ADMINISTRATOR LEGISLATIVE BRANCH KOREAN INTERIM LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY JUDICIAL BRANCH COURTS NAT'L ECONOMIC BOARD NAT'L PRICE ADMIN. NAT'L FOOD ADMIN. OFFICES ADMINISTRATION CIVIL SERVICE FOREIGN AFFAIRS DEPARTMENTS AGRICULTURE COMMERCE EDUCATION COMMUNICATION PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE FINANCE JUSTICE LABOR POLICE PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC INFORMATION INTERNAL SECURITY TRANSPORTATION PROVINCES KYONGGI-DO CHUNGCHONG-PUKTO CHUNGCHONG-NAMDO KYONGSANG-PUKTO CHEJU-DO KYONGSANG-NAMDO CHOLLA-PUKTO CHOLLA-NAMDO KANGWON-DO SEOUL CITY PREPARED BY: STATISTICS DIVISION, NATIONAL ECONOMIC BOARD ORGANIZATION CHART U S MILITARY GOVERNMENT IN KOREA JANUARY 1948 MILITARY | GOVERNOR CHIEF OF STAFF STAFF SECTIONS STAFF JUDGE ADVOCATE SPECIAL INVESTIGATOR OPERATIONS SECTIONS G-1 G-2 | 3 G-3 G-4 CHAPLAIN | SURGEON PX AG HQ. COM SIGNAL MANDANT P.M. & SAFETY SPECIAL STAFF HQ.SUPPLY MOTOR GROUP COMMANDERS | 1] CHIEF ADVISER POLICY NATIONAL FOOD ADMIN. | 2] NATIONAL PRICE ADMIN. | 8] NATIONAL ECONOMIC BOARD OPERATIONS NATIONAL ADVISERS NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION CIVILIAN SUPPLY PROPERTY CUSTODIAN INTERNAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION AGRICULTURE CIVIL SERVICE JUSTICE LABOR POLICE PUBLIC INFORMATION EDUCATION COMMUNICATION PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE FOREIGN AFFAIRS TRANSPORTATION PROVINCIAL ADVISERS | 1] KYONGGI-DO CHUNGCHONG-PUKTO CHANGCHONG-NAMDO KYONGSANG-PUKTO KYONGSANG-NAMDO CHOLLA-PUKTO CHOLLA-NAMDO KANGWON-DO SEOUL CHEJU-DO 1] PROVINCIAL ADVISERS AND GROUP COMMANDERS ARE THE SAME INDIVIDUALS. 2] ORDINANCE NO. 90 STATES THAT N.F.A. AND N.P.A. WILL GO FROM ITS POLICIES, PLANS, AND PROGRAMS TO THOSE OF N.E.B. 3] ADVISOR TO NATIONAL POLICE PREPARED BY: STATISTICS DIVISION, NATIONAL ECONOMIC BOARD. <첨부문서> 남한 총인구와 유권자 수(1948. 4. 1) TOTAL POPULATION OF SOUTH KOREA AS OF 1 APRIL 1948 (Koreans Only) Sept. 1946 19,369,270 Returnees entering South Korea Sept. 1946 through March 1948 228,369 Natural increase at 1.8% per annum 523,240 Total Population 20,120,879 Source: Department of Public Health and Welfare Source: Office of Foreign Affairs Source: Department of Public Health and Welfare. (000) Total 20,121 Seoul City 1,247 Kyunggi Do 2,575 Choong Chung Puk Do 1,147 Choong Chung Nam Do 1,992 Cholla Puk Do 2,093 Cholla Nam Do 3,058 Kyungsang Puk Do 3,260 Kyungsang Nam Do 3,300 Kang Won Do 1,167 Cheju Do 282 SOUTH KOREA: NATIONAL ELECTION 1948 Potential Registrants, Number of Actual Registrants, and Percentage Registered by Province Province Possible Registrants Number Registered % Registered (000) (000) Total 1/ 9,834 7,837,504 79.7 Seoul City 616 568 92.2 Kyunggi Do 1,269 1,085 85.4 Choong Chung Puk Do 565 462 81.8 Choong Chung Nam Do 982 794 80.9 Cholla Puk Do 1,032 802 77.7 Cholla Nam Do 1,508 1,106 73.3 Kyungsang Puk Do 1,607 1,228 76.4 Kyungsang Nam Do 1,627 1,288 79.2 Kang Won Do 575 468 81.3 Cheju Do 1/ 53 37 69.8 1/ Excludes Puk Che Ju Gun where elections were invalidated. <첨부문서> 제6B호 : 종이공급에 관한 임시 통제(1948. 1. 8) HEADQUARTERS SOUTH KOREAN INTERIM GOVERNMENT Seoul, Korea 6 January 1948 MG NEB SUBJECT: Temporary Control of Paper Supplies TO : Adviser and Director, Department of Commerce Adviser and Director, Office of Administration 1. It is hereby directed that all imports of paper and all supplies thereof produced in wasted plants in South Korea be channelled to the Office of Administration until approximately four hundred (400) metric tons of paper have been accumulated for use in the forthcoming United Nations General Election. When the necessary stocks of paper have been accumulated by the Office of Administration, that office will notify the Department of Commerce that further diversions may cease. 2. If it should become necessary, in order to meet local needs, to release from time to time supplies of paper which are being accumulated by the Office of Administration, such releases shall be made by order of the National Economic Board. BY DIRECTION OF THE COMMANDING GENERAL: /s/ C. G. Helmick C. G. HELMICK Brigadier General, United States Army Deputy Military Governor <첨부문서> 제7호 : 투표용지 인쇄 지시(1948. 4. 7) Emergency Electric Power Board Seoul, Korea EMERGENCY ELECTRIC POWER ORDER NO. 6 7 April 1948 1. During the period 14 April 1948 through 10 May 1948 the use of electric power by printing establishments designated by the Chief Civil Affairs Officers in their respective provinces to print ballots for use in the coming election will be in Priority I. 2. Chief Civil Affairs Officers are directed to notify the representatives of the Electric Power Company of the establishments engaged in printing ballots as soon as practicable. EMERGENCY ELECTRIC POWER BOARD /s/ A. C. WALKER A. C. WALKER Chairman <첨부문서> 제9호 : 선거관련 물자(1948. 4. 29) QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS PROCURED, MANUFACTURED, IMPORTED OR PRINTED AND DELIVERED TO PROVINCES Province Ballot Boxes Locks for Ballot Boxes Registration Poll Registration Three Issues Elec. Laws Elec. Rules SEOUL 750 1,740 686,000 329,000 17,000 17,000 KYUNGGI DO 1,672 3,344 1,493,000 840,000 27,940 27,940 KANG WON DO 802 1,604 706,000 103,000 12,410 12,410 KYONGSANG PUKTO 2,485 4,906 1,908,000 581,000 34,910 34,910 KYONGSANG NAMDO 1,825 3,638 1,912,000 582,000 34,770 34,770 PUKTO CHOLLA 1,700 3,370 1,211,000 402,000 22,385 22,385 NAMDO CHOLLA [illegible] 1,900 3,760 1,768,000 567,000 32,410 32,410 PUKTO CHUNG CHONG 810 1,582 719,000 242,000 12,530 12,530 NAMDO CHUNG [illegible] 1,560 3,120 1,146,000 390,000 21,225 21,225 CHEJU DO MAT'L ELEC- 225 450 167,000 17,000 3,045 3,045 TION COMM. 5,000 5,000 DEPT. OF EDUCATION 6,000 6,000 TOTAL 13,729 27,514 11,716,000 4,053,000 229,625 229,625 | Province | Station-ery Tablets, Tissue | Station-ery Tablets, Bond | Enve-lopes, Large | Enve-lopes, Small | Elec. Sche-dule | Women's Bureau Eight Items | Digest Laws | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | SEOUL | 250 | 764 | 21,000 | 38,800 | 2,300 | 830 | 1,000 | | KYUNGGI DO | 390 | 1,679 | 47,500 | 87,700 | 5,400 | 930 | 3,000 | | KANG WON DO | 150 | 714 | 22,800 | 42,000 | 2,400 | 830 | 1,000 | | KYONGSANG PUKTO | 610 | 2,054 | 70,800 | 130,800 | 7,200 | 930 | 3,000 | | KYONGSANG NAMDO | 610 | 2,064 | 51,700 | 95,600 | 6,900 | 930 | 3,000 | | CHOLLA PUKTO | 300 | 1,379 | 43,800 | 80,900 | 5,300 | 830 | 2,000 | | CHOLLA NAMDO | 1,450 | 1,989 | 53,500 | 98,800 | 5,300 | 930 | 3,000 | | CHUNGCHONG PUKTO | 150 | 714 | 22,500 | 41,500 | 2,500 | 830 | 1,000 | | CHUNGCHONG NAMDO | 300 | 1,234 | 44,000 | 81,300 | 4,200 | 950 | 2,000 | | CHEJU DO | 70 | 171 | 6,400 | 11,600 | 600 | 170 | 300 | | NAT'L ELEC COMMITTEE | 540 | 500 | | | | | | | DEPT. OF EDUCATION | | | | | | | | | TOTAL | 3,850 | 13,265 | 384,000 | 709,000 | 42,100 | 8,160 | 19,300 | | Province | Sample Ballots | Print-ing Instr. | Ballot Paper (Rms.) | Ballot Envelopes | Ink (gal) | Date Completed | 26-29 Apr Colored Pencils | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | SEOUL | 100 ea. | 2 | 225 | 630,000 | | 5 Apr 48 | 2,211 | | KYUNGGI DO | 200 ea. | 2 | 208 | 1,252,000 | | 5 Apr 48 | 4,682 | | KANG WON DO | 120 ea. | 2 | 85 | 530,000 | | 10 Apr 48 | 1,965 | | KYONG SANG PUKTO | 330 ea. | 2 | 220 | 1,350,000 | | 10 Apr 48 | 4,216 | | KYONG SANG NAMDO | 330 ea. | 2 | 220 | 1,450,000 | 25 | 10 Apr 48 | 4,000 | | CHOLLA PUKTO | 220 ea. | 2 | 140 | 890,000 | 15 | 10 Apr 48 | 4,608 | | CHOLLA NAMDO | 290 ea. | 2 | 203 | 1,350,000 | 25 | 10 Apr 48 | 5,625 | | CHUNGCHONG PUKTO | 120 ea. | 2 | 77 | 510,000 | | 10 Apr 48 | 2,361 | | CHUNGCHONG NAMDO | 190 ea. | 2 | 180 | 875,000 | 15 | 10 Apr 48 | 2,710 | | CHEJU DO | 30 ea. | 2 | 19 | 100,000 | | 10 Apr 48 | 444 | | NAT'L ELEC COMMITTEE | | 2 | | | | 1 Apr 48 | | | DEPT OF EDUCATION | | | | | | 1 Apr 48 | | | TOTAL | 2,020 | 22 | 1,577 | 8,937,000 | 80 | | 32,822 | [Table] | | 26-29 April Bond Pads 100 shts. | Election Pamphlet "Things to Know" | Election Posters | | |---|---|---|---|---| | [illegible] | 6,000 | 500 | 100 | | | KYONGSOI DO | 15,000 | 500 | 100 | | | SARN WON DO | 6,000 | 500 | 100 | | | KYONG SANG PUKTO | 20,000 | 500 | 100 | | | KYONG SANG NAMDO | 20,000 | 500 | 100 | | | [illegible] PUKTO | 15,000 | 500 | 100 | | | [illegible] NAMDO | 17,000 | 500 | 100 | | | [illegible] CHONG [illegible] | 6,000 | 500 | 100 | | | CHONG CHONG NAMDO | 12,000 | 500 | 100 | | | CHEJU DO | 2,000 | 500 | 100 | | | TOTAL | 119,000 | 5,000 | 1,000 | | <첨부문서> 제36호 : 미군 요원이 감시한 선거절차(1948. 4. 1) HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY MILITARY GOVERNMENT IN KOREA APO 235 Unit 2 1 April 1948 SUBJECT: Election Procedure Observation by American Personnel. TO : All CCAO's 1. Each CCAO will be directly responsible for maintaining constant observation of election procedures within his jurisdiction. This observation will be in two phases. a. Phase I - Pre-election Observations (1) The CCAO's, by use of presently available officer and equivalent grade DAC personnel, will maintain constant observation of the following: (a) Dissemination of election information to the public. (b) Conduct of parties, groups, youth organizations, etc., who participate in election, to include electioneer- ing methods, programs and platforms, any intimidation of electorate, (c) Same as (b) but as applied to those who oppose the election. (d) Operation of Voting District, Myun, Gun, Electoral District and Provincial Election Committee. (Reference Chapter IV, Regulations for Implementing the Law.) (e) Continuous check of registration procedure during prescribed period to include all echelons listed in (c) [illegible] (Reference Sections 15 & 16 of Election Law). (f) Immediately after Registration period, check for implementation of Sections 16 & 17 of the Election Law. b. Phase T - Election Day and Ballot Tabulation (1) Each CCAO, by use of presently available officer and equivalent grade EAC personnel, plus additional personnel to be furnished by CG, USAMGIK, will maintain the following: (a) Two observers in each Electoral District to separately spot-check voting districts throughout the Electoral District. (Reference: Sections 30-40 of the Election Law.) (b) One observer with each Provincial Election [illegible]mpitter (Reference: Sections 30-40 of the Election Law.) (2) The same observers as in b. (1) (a) will report to the Electoral District Headquarters at the close of election and will observe the opening of the ballot boxes, the tabulation of ballots, etc. (Reference: Sections 41-46 of the Election Law). 2. Every effort will be made to visit each voting district within your province at some time during Phases I and II listed in par 1 above. IMMEDIATE ACTION [illegible] An accurate chronological Provincial log of all observa-[illegible] be maintained. [illegible] logs will be consolidated at Provincial [illegible] will be forwarded to USAMGIK, on call, after the election. [illegible] [illegible] It is directed that American personnel DO NOT interfere with the operation of election procedures. In the event of viola-tions of the law and/or the regulations, the violation and/or re[illegible] [illegible] shall be called to the attention of the chairman(s) [illegible] representative) of the election committee concerned. A report of such violation, etc. will be made to the next higher election committee and to the CCAO concerned. [illegible] /s/ W. F. Dean W. F. DEAN Maj. General, United States Army Commanding <첨부문서> 제46호 : 군정장의 제주도서기 감시(1948. 5. 10) SOUTH KOREAN INTERIM GOVERNMENT Department of Communications Seoul, Korea GENERAL OBSERVATION OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT ELECTION OBSERVATION TEAM Cheju Island By Captain Speer, Captain Taylor, and Lieutenant Bernheisel 1. In compliance with orders, Office of Chief Advisor, above-named officers departed Seoul 1000 5 May 1948 and arrived Cheju at 1500 same day. Area assignments were made by CCAO on 6 May. In accordance with plans made by local election officials, Cheju Island was divided into two Electoral Districts, one on the northern half of the Island and two on the southern half. 2. Lt Bernehisel was assigned Kuja Myun as his area of observation, and Capt Keily of the 59th Military Government Co was assigned Chochan Myun, both being in the northeastern part of the Island. On 7 May these two officers spent the entire day visiting local voting places within their respective areas. Ballots were delivered to the respective Myun Offices. Pre-election observations in the two Myuns represented a marked contrast to one another. The Myun Chief, Chochan Myun, appeared to be in a hopelessly confused state of mind as to proscribed pre-election procedures. It appeared that he had done nothing to organize his Myun. Later developments and subsequent information gathered brought to light reasons for prevailing conditions in this area. In brief, this Myun appeared to be completely dominated by subversive elements of the population. On the evening preceding the election anti-election handbills had been widely distributed in many areas of the Myun. Road blocks had been erected, and telephone lines had been torn down in numerous places. Election day resulted in a zero score for this myun. On the other hand, Kuja Myun, directly to the East had been excellently organized for Election Day. A spot check of numerous voting places and conversations with local election committees revealed an air of absolute confidence in the successful outcome of the voting on 10 May. The Myun chief had done a remarkably find piece of work and was confident of the successful fulfillment of election procedure in his area. Certain occurrences in and around voting place number eight (Kua Myun), located off the main road back in the hills, on the evening preceding election day marred what otherwise would have been a perfect voting record for the entire Myun. Here a number of houses were burned and two people were reported killed. The ballot box however had been well hidden and was not destroyed, but there was no voting here on 10 May. 3. To recapitulate the pre-election phase in Kuja Myun represented a compliance with all conditions prescribed by REGULATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING THELAW FOR THE ELECTION OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE KOREAN PEOPLE: (1) Election information appeared to have been widely disseminated. (2) Ballots and ballot boxes had been distributed in ample time before election day. (3) The home guard had been well organized and throughout it stood by to assist the police in preserving order, but conditions were such that this group did not have to engage in anything but peaceful activities. (4) Posters were prominently displayed and in most cases pictures of candidates were posted in each voting place. However, an almost complete lack of the above conditions characterized the pre-election phase in Chochan Myun for reasons mentioned above. <첨부문서> 제46A호 : 제주도 선거감시 보고(1948. 5. 15) 'REPORT OF ELECTION OBSERVATION - 'CHEJU DO 1. The undersigned arrived Cheju-Do at 1500, 5 May 1948 for the purpose of observing the general election to be held 10 May 1948. 2. The Chief Civil Affairs Officer made the assignments of voting districts on 6 May 1948. The Myuns of Aewol, Hanrim and Chuja being assigned to Captain Speer, the reporting officer. 3. On 7 May 1948 a visit was made to the Myuns of Aewol and Hanrim and the following was observed: a. Approximately five miles west of Cheju a large roadblock was encountered and cleared for passage of vehicles. b. About one half mile further along the route another roadblock, smaller than the first, was encountered. Many subversive handbills were found pasted to rocks and scattered in the area. Some of those bills were picked up and subsequently turned over to the local Civil Affairs officers. After clearing the roadblock, the inspection trip was resumed. The two villages immediately following the roadblocks were found to be deserted, the inhabitants having fled into the hills. At the following village, a small police detachment reported that they were being fired on by snipers. The inhabitants of this village remained in their homes. No further roadblocks were encountered but handbills were noticed at various points along the route. The village of Aewol was found to be almost normal as both police and Constabulary were in the town. The Voting Committee reported all ballot boxes had been received and would be distributed Sunday 9 May 1948. Arrangements were made with local police and Constabulary for safekeeping of ballots to be brought the next day, 8 May 1948. The visit to Hanrim Myun was uneventful and they reported no subversive activities. 4. On 8 May 1948 the ballots, pencils, posters and other necessary papers were packaged for delivery to the Voting District Committees. Roadblocks and handbills were again encountered and the police reported harassing rifle and machine-gun fire. No difficulties were encountered and ballots were delivered to the Committees at Aewol and Hanrim. The ballots for Chuja Myun were delivered by Coast Guard cutter directly from Cheju, however, they would be returned to Hanrim Myun for counting. 5. 9 May 1948 a visit was made to Aewol and Hanrim Myuns to check on distribution of ballot boxes and ballots. All ballots and boxes for unprotected villages directly to the east of Aewol were returned to the Voting Committee as all inhabitants had been driven into the hills by subversive elements. In the immedicinity of Aewol and in villages having police detachments [illegible] constabulary, the distribution of ballot boxes and ballots proceeded normally. 6. 10 May 1948 balloting commenced at scheduled time, however, only 32% of registered voters cast their vote in Aewol. [illegible] in Myun cast a much higher percentage of votes [illegible] some [illegible] the total registered. Three voting places were visited in [illegible] of Aewol and two in Hanrim [illegible] Balloting was [illegible] [illegible] ures were being conducted per instructions given the [illegible]. No loitering, electioneering or molesting of voters was observed. Voting places closed at the specified times and [illegible] were immediately dispatched to the Central Committee [illegible] for counting. Counting commenced upon receipt of local Hanrim and continued all during the night. The ballot [illegible] Myun work [illegible] ted to Hanrim [illegible] by Coast [illegible] arrived approximately 11000 [illegible] May 1948. They <첨부문서> 제46B호 : 제주도 서거잠사 보고(1948. 5. 10) GO KOREAN INTERIM GOVERNMENT Department of Communications Seoul, Korea REPORT ON ELECTION OBSERVATION - CHEJU DO By Captain Herbert W. Taylor 1. Lieutenant George Wibel, Lieutenant William Sabotay and the reporting officer were assigned the South Gun of Cheju-Do as their area of observation of the elections to be held on 10 May 1948. To carry out this mission, two vehicles, a jeep and a 3/4 ton trucks, two drivers and three interpreters were assigned. 2. The plan called for this group being divided into two teams. Team No. 1 consisted o Lt. Sabotay, driver and interpreter in the jeep, taking the western route around the Island and the other team, Team No. 2, consisting of Lt. Wibel, myself, driver and interpreter, taking the eastern route and distributing ballots to various Gun headquarters enroute. Team No. 2 was to set up headquarters at SagwiPo and Team No. 1, prior to and during the election would set up headquarters at MosulPo and join Team No. 2 at SagwiPo on the evening of the day of election, after ballot boxes had been turned in. 3. At 0830 hours on 8 May 1948, both teams departed as planned. At 1330 on 8 May 1948, Team No. 2 arrived at SagwiPo and billeted at a local hotel. The ballots had been distributed and no trouble was reported nor was any trouble anticipated during the election period by the election officials in the Gun headquarters we had visited. All ballots, pencils, papers, etc., had been distributed as planned. 4. On 9 May 1948, Lt. Wibel made visits to various election headquarters in surrounding areas. Reporting officer remained at headquarters. No trouble was reported during that day. 5. On 10 May 1948, due to the shortage of transportation, one vehicle only being available, Lieutenant Wibel departed at 0630 for a tour of polling districts outside of immediate SagwiPo area. The reporting officer, at the same time, departed for observation [illegible] dispatched by jeep, accompanied by a member of [illegible] Committee, to Hanrim Central Committee. All counting [illegible] was completed by 2000 11 May 1948 and a report was [illegible] the Central Committee at Cheju. [illegible] On 12 May 1948 a visit was made to Hanrim for the purpose of returning all ballots to the Central Committee in Cheju for [illegible] During this visit, roadblocks were again encountered but [illegible] noted that the villagers to the east of Newol were return- [illegible] their villages. When questioned about their whereabouts, [illegible] merely replied in the hills and would say nothing further. [illegible] No further visits were made to the Voting Districts of Cheju. Arrived Seoul, 1700, 15 May 1948. Captain T. J. SPEER tour of the two polling districts in SagwiPo proper. Polling district No. 1 was observed at 0650. Ballot boxes were examined by polling officials and were empty in accordance with regulations. The balloting started at 0700 and was conducted in accordance with regulations. Only one representative of candidates was present at that time. At 0730, reporting officer visited polling district No. 2 at SagwiPo and their election was conducted in accordance with regulations. As a matter of fact, this officer considers the election very well conducted at this place. During the remainder of the day, reporting officer visited between these two polling districts via foot, and no discrepancies were noted at either of these two polling districts during the day of the election. The other two representatives for candidates at polling district No. 2 reported in at 2230. HERBERT W. TAYLOR Captain Sig C <첨부문서> 제46C호 : 제주도 구좌면 서기활동 일지(1948. 5. 12) NO OF ELECTION ACTIVITIES Kuja Myun [illegible] Observers: Lt Bernhoisel [illegible] [illegible] This [illegible] outline of election day activities is characterized by an absence of unusual occurrences for reasons mentioned above. Total polling places were 16. Total visited 14. Total reported registrations 8,734, or 96% of the [illegible] voters. All voting reported to have commenced at 0700 hours. Voting completed in entire Myun by 1600 hours. (1) Arrived Kuja Myun at approximately 0930. Visited voting place number two at 0945. One hundred fifty had voted at time of visit. Reported registrations 687, or 98% of eligible voters. Everything normal. (2) 1000 hours visited number four. Registration 369 or 98%. Procedure normal. (3) 1010 hours visited number three. Reported registration 350 or 100%. No unusual occurrences. (4) 1030 hours visited number ten located at Sehwa (Myun office) 561 registered or 90%. 270 had voted at time of visit. Procedure normal. (5) 1050 hours. Visited number twelve. Reported registration 577 or 96%. 400 had voted at time of visit. No unusual occurrences. (6) 1100 hours reported registration 278 or 98%. 200 had voted at time of visit. Normal. (7) 1110 hours. Visited number fourteen. Registration 534 or 98%. 270 had voted at time of visit. Normal. (8) 1140 hours. Visited number sixteen. Registration 634, or 90%. 250 had voted at time of visit. Normal. (9) Remaining five voting places were visited in due course. No unusual occurrences at time of visit. Voting places number 17 and 18 were located on a small island off Cheju and consequently were not visited. A report on occurrences at number 8 voting place was received just before noon. Observer broke his trip through the Myun to report back to Cheju in order to get help. Police were subsequently dispatched to scene of trouble which had occurred the previous evening. (10) Considerable uneasiness was displayed by local election committees at the end of the voting on the afternoon of the 10th. Reported threats of trouble from the outside caused them to fear for the safety of ballot boxes. Previous arrangements had been made with the constabulary by Cheju Do officials to have the ballot boxes picked up as soon as possible after voting was completed. Observer promised to do what he could to have them picked up. On the morning of the 11th he accompanied a truck from MG Company headquarters to pick up ballot boxes, but on the way into Kuja Myun. a constabulary truck was met carrying all ballot boxes into Election headquarters in Cheju City. (11) During the afternoon of the 11th and on the 12th of May this observer assisted in observing the counting of ballots of the three voting districts: Cheju Eup, Chochan Myun, and Kuja Myun. After considerable delay, brought about no doubt by uncertainty as to just how to proceed, committee officials proceeded in a systematic fashion to count the ballots. Except for some oral interference on the part of candidate representatives and others this phase of the election procedure was completed in a normal fashion. Charles K. Fernheisel, DAC Hq, USAMGIK <첨부문서> 제47호 : 시기철호(1948. 6. 11) SOUTH KOREAN INTERIM GOVERNMENT Office of the Chief Advisor Seoul, Korea MGOCA 000 [illegible] 11 June 1948 SUBJECT: Election Activities. [illegible] TO: Commanding General United States Army Military Government in Korea APO 235 Unit 2 Attention: General J. Weckerling 1. On 8 March 1948 this office was interjected into the election picture by an IOM from the Military Governor. This IOM called for immediate action toward necessary preliminary steps to implement existing election directives. 2. Radio and phone messages were immediately dispatched to all provinces calling for a meeting of the Chief Civil Affairs Officers, Korean Governors and District Court Judges at 0900, 12 March 1948, in Seoul at Headquarters, USAMGIK. 3. a. 12 March meeting held as scheduled. b. From 8 March to 12 March those portions of the Elec- tion Law approved by the UN were hastily mimeographed in English and Korean for distribution at the 12 March meeting. c. Arrangements were made for special train and air transport of the Chief Civil Affairs Officers and the Korean Governors to their home stations during the afternoon of 12 March. 4. Intermittent conferences were held with the National Election Committee, the Office of Administration and this office relative to an election budget. On 5 April a compromise budget was approved by the Military Governor. 5. Many conferences were held with personnel of Gen. Weckerling's office and representatives of the United Nations between 8 March and 17 March relative to final approval of an election law. The law was finally approved and signed on 17 March 1948. During this period arrangements were made with the office of Administration for the hasty printing in Korean of the Election Law and the Rules and Regulations. Also, plans were made for rapid distribution of these vital documents to the lowest echelon. It was agreed that the copies in English would be mimeographed. Necessary arrangements for this were made with AG, USAMGIK, who rendered superior service at this time. Plans were coordinated with the ffice of Administration for the printing and distribution .r registration forms and poll registers. 6. On 31 March 1948 memorandum was prepared for the Military Governor's approval, "Election Procedure Observation by American Personnel". This was approved, published and distributed on 1 April 1948. 7. During the period 30 March through 9 April, this office furnished speakers to instruct meetings, called by various SKIG agencies, in the requirements of the election law. 8. On 5 April arrangements were made for the publishing and distribution of executive order No. 20, changing the date of the election from 9 May 1948 to 10 May 1948. [illegible] on 27 March 1948, a meeting was held at Hq, USAFIK for the purpose of coordinating various U.S. agencies concerned with this contemplated UN Observation Groups' trips throughout South [illegible] The real burden of these trips fell upon the Department of Transportation, SKIG, and it can be said that they came through with flying colors. This office was charged with the necessary coordination and issued required instructions to the various provinces and agencies. The United Nations Observation groups made two trips to the Provinces, one from 5 April through 10 April, the other 19 April through 24 April. Similar instructions pre- vailed for both trips, to wit: complete freedom of movement, best available quarters and facilities, no formal receptions or enter- tainment, required transportation to be furnished on call, etc. Reports received from the UN upon their return and from the Provinces were most favorable. 10. Registration started on 30 March 1948. At this time preliminary plans were coordinated for the printing and distri-. bution of ballots and the final distribution of ballot boxes and books to the lowest echelons. Everything called for in this vital phase was completed by 7 May 1948. The Office of Administration, SKIG, is to be commended for their superior performance. 11. Throughout the whole period from 8 March to 10 May, Election Day, the various SKIG agencies concerned were contacted regularly and informal progress reports received almost daily. 12. The Military Governor's plan for American observation of the election required 411 Americans. Of that number approximately 200, were already located in the various Provinces. All departments and agencies of the South Korean Interim Government were required to furnish the balance (211) of American personnel needed on a percentage basis in direct ratio to American personnel assigned to them. An orientation meeting of this personnel was held at USAMGIK on 26 April 1948. At this meeting the Election Law was explained and a detailed description of their duties given. On 3 May 1948, a final meeting of the personnel selected for election duties was held. Arrangements for their transportation, issue of field equipment and early morning mess prior to departure were explained. Copies of travel orders and the pertinent parts of the Election Law and the Rules and Regulations were issued to each observer. Also a check list and a question sheet mimeographed in both Korean and English were issued each observer as a guide and help to the expected language difficulties. 13. 4 May through 9 May: The preparation of orders for UN Election Observers and the coordination of their billeting, transportation and actual observation was predominant throughout this period. The actual movement of American and UN observers took place concurrently. 14. From Election Day through the 17th of May this office was chiefly concerned with receiving election results from the Provinces and making them available to Department of Public Informatic for release to the many foreign correspondents present for this period. 15. Throughout the whole election phase, this office was responsible for coordination of the activities of the many SKIG agencies concerned. Lt Col Charles G. Duffy was designated as Liaison Officer between the Military Governor and the National Election Committee, assisted by Captain James McMahon, he was also given full responsibility for Military-Government coordination and implementation of all phases of the elections. The wholehearted cooperation and all-out enthusiasm on all agencies for USAMGIK and SKIG made a huge success of what at first seemed an impossible job within the prescribed time limits. /s/ Wm. F. Centner Wm. F. CENTNER Colonel [illegible] USAR [illegible] [illegible] <첨부문서> 제48호 : 시기반대 활동표(1948. 5. 14) CRIMINAL INFORMATION-INTELLIGENCE SECTION DETECTIVE BUREAU OF THE NATIONAL POLICE HEADQUARTERS TABLE OF ANTI-ELECTION ACTIVITIES, 7 FEBRUARY TO 14 MAY 1948 | Classification | DIV | DM | DA | DB | DC | DD | DB | DF | DG | DH | DI | Total | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Election offices, attacked | | 24 | 14 | 2 | 11 | 10 | 42 | | 6 | 14 | 10 | [illegible] | | Public institutions, attacked | Suppressed | 3 | 7 | 8 | 6 | | 56 | 39 | 45 | 28 | 27 | [illegible] | | | Prevented | | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | | 3 | 15 | 6 | 9 | [illegible] | | Police attacked | Killed | 2 | 14 | 4 | 2 | | 29 | 4 | 1 | 14 | 20 | 72 | | | Wounded | 1 | | | | 3 | 11 | | 1 | 3 | 4 | 15 | | | | 7 | 2 | | 5 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 10 | | 61 | | Election officials | Killed | | | | | 1 | 19 | | 4 | | | 2 | | | Wounded | | | | 3 | | 1 | 1 | | | | 4 | | Candidates | Killed | | 1 | | 1 | | | 3 | 13 | 6 | 12 | 49 | | | Wounded | | | | | | | | | | | | | Police | Killed | 3 | 1 | 9 | 9 | | 12 | 9 | 34 | 14 | 25 | 128 | | | Wounded | | 3 | 1 | | 1 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | | Rightists | Killed | | | | | | 5 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 47 | | | Wounded | | 4 | | | | 25 | 1 | 1 | | 6 | 7 | | Families of Police | Killed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Wounded | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 16 | | Bystanders | Killed | 2 | 2 | 2 | | 2 | 29 | 2 | 6 | 20 | 42 | [illegible] | | | Wounded | 15 | 12 | 8 | 32 | [illegible] | 142 | 21 | 36 | 50 | 60 | [illegible] | | | DM | DA | DB | DC | DD | DR | DF | DG | DH | DJ | DK | DR | Total | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Rioters | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Killed | 3 | 16 | 6 | 4 | | 53 | 27 | 36 | 58 | 59 | | 26 | | | Wounded | | 4 | | 3 | 8 | 35 | 19 | 29 | 27 | 11 | | 12 | | | Election offices | | 2 | | 3 | 4 | 12 | 1 | | 4 | 1 | | | | | Election facilities | 1 | | | | | | | | 1 | | | -32 | | | Police offices | | 1 | 2 | 1 | | 4 | 2 | | 2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | | | Public offices | | 1 | 2 | 2 | | 3 | | 2 | 2 | 3 | | 16 | | | People's residences | | 2 | 11 | 27 | 7 | 32 | 3 | 1 | 36 | 42 | 3 | 18 | | | Election facilities | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 18 | 2 | 3 | | 152 | | | Police offices | 1 | | 1 | | | | 5 | 4 | | | | 41 | | | Public offices | | | | 1 | | 4 | | 5 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 12 | | | Private residences | 2 | 2 | | 1 | 5 | 38 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 12 | | 22 | | | Roads and Bridges | | 2 | 2 | 4 | | 5 | 5 | 5 | 18 | 10 | 1 | 69 | | | Rifles: | | | | | | 14 | 5 | 26 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 48 | | | Stolen | | | | 10 | | 11 | 5 | 25 | 4 | 3 | | 68 | | | Recaptured | | | | 10 | | | | | | | 2 | 58 | | | Carbines: | | 6 | 2 | 1 | | 11 | 2 | 8 | 11 | 7 | | 50 | | | Stolen | | | | 1 | | 6 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 1 | | 19 | | | Recaptured | | | | 1 | | 1 | | | 1 | | | 2 | | | Pistols: | | | | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | 2 | | | Ammunitions:Stolen | | 67 | 20 | 10 | | 243 | 40 | 521 | 421 | 117 | 10 | 1,419 | | | Recaptured | | | | 10 | | 297 | 7 | 183 | 196 | 117 | | 810 | | | | DM | DA | DB | DG | DD | DR | DR | DV | DR | DR | [illegible] | [illegible] | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Locomotives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Railroad car and freight car | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Trains | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Telephone lines cut | 4 | 61 | 45 | 82 | 19 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 46 | 57 | 46 | 39 | | Telephone and telegraph poles destroyed | | 52 | 10 | 37 | 8 | 116 | 55 | 26 | 4 | 24 | 180 | 7 | 76 | | Communication tools damaged | 5 | | | | | | | | 4 | | | 5 | | Power lines cut | | | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | Election documents stolen | 12 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 9 | 36 | 3 | 1 | 26 | 13 | 116 | | Election officials threatened | 2 | | | 12 | 3 | 28 | 1 | 15 | 6 | 6 | 73 | | Candidates threatened | 1 | 1 | | 7 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 5 | | | 24 | | Strikes against election | 3 | 11 | 2 | 2 | | 9 | 8 | | 4 | | 5 | 44 | | School strike against election | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 27 | 4 | 6 | 24 | 1 | 75 | | Demonstrations against election | 8 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 3 | 111 | 9 | 49 | 12 | 23 | 241 | | Spreading of handbills | 1 | 15 | 33 | 60 | 8 | 84 | 16 | 30 | 15 | 13 | 275 | | Illegal-fires | 22 | 30 | 54 | 149 | 63 | 290 | 154 | 45 | 10 | 51 | 5 | 877 | <첨부문서> 제50호 : 유엔한국임시위원단의 선거감시반 결성(1948. 3. 27) A/AC.19/W.42 27 March 1948 ORIGINAL:ENGLISH UNITED NATIONS TEMPORARY COMMISSION ON KOREA TIME TABLE AND FACILITIES FOR OBSERVATION CLUBS (Prepared by the Secretariat) At its twenty-seventh meeting, the Commission decided that the conduct of the elections should be observed in each of the provinces (including the islands of Cheju-Do and Wool Lyong Po, if practicable) and during the most significant stages of the elections. (document A/AC.19/56). The Commission further decided to establish in the first instance two or three Field Observation Groups to observe the conduct of the elections in selected areas in accordance with a coordinated plan. ANNEX I TRAIN ITINERARY FOR UNITED NATIONS OBSERVATION GROUPS GROUP I (Main Committee) 1. City of Seoul . . . . . . . . . . . Monday, 5 April 2 Kaesong - Kyonggi-Do Approximately 1 1/2 hours from Seoul. Self-powered car. Leave in morning and return in evening . . . . . . . Tuesday, 6 April 3. Inchon - Kyonggi-Do Approximately 1 1/4 hours by auto from Seoul. United Nations transportation. . . Wednesday, 7 April 4. Chunchon* - Kangwon-Do Approximately 2 hours from Seoul. Self-powered car. Leave in morning and return in evening . . . . . . . Thursday, 8 April 5. Cheju* - Cheju-Do Approximately 2 1/2 hours by PLANE from Seoul. Leave Seoul . . . . . . . Friday morning. 9 April Return . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturday afternoon, 10 April The above itinerary will enable the group to visit two provincial capitals and the city of Seoul, and two important towns in Kyonggi Province (Inchon and Kaesong). Only one night, 9 April, will be spent away from Seoul. * Provincial capital ANNEX II 25 March 1948 TO: Brigadier General John Weckerling United States Army Liaison FROM: Petrus J. Schmidt Principal Secretary SUBJECT: Transportation and other facilities for United Nations Observation Groups In connection with our joint discussion, I am transmitting herewith a schedule of trips developed by the Secretariat for the purpose of observing election procedures and practices during the week ending 10 April 1948. Observation Group No. 1 will use the self-powered motor car as specified in paragraph f. of your memorandum dated 23 March 1948. In addition, facilities for a noon meal should be arranged at Kaesong and Chunchon. The trip to Inchon will be made in United Nations vehicles and here also a noon meal should be provided. The trip to Cheju-Do must of necessity be by plane and all necessary facilities for food and billeting should be provided. Observation Group No. 2 will use one compartment sleeper and one dining car as specified in paragraphs c. and d. of your memorandum. These cars would be attached to regularly scheduled trains as specified in the attached timetable and would be held at the station during lay-over periods. It will be necessary to have a proper mess provided on the diner, sufficient for a five or a day trip, and it will also be necessary that billets be made available during overnight stays so that both male and female members of the observation groups may have bath facilities. Observation Group No. 3 will need the same type facilities as specified for Observation Group No. 2. <첨부문서> 제151호 : 감시반 조직과 여정(1948. 4. 16) RESTRICTED A/AC.19/W.42/Add.5 16 April 1948 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH UNITED NATIONS TEMPORARY COMMISSION ON KOREA REVISED ORGANIZATION AND TRAVEL ITINERARY OF OBSERVATION GROUPS (Week ending 24 April 1948) (Adopted by the Main Committee at its Third Meeting) The following revised plan for the observation of the election programme during the week ending 24 April 1948 is circulated herewith for the guidance of observation groups. I. Organization GROUP I (Main Committee) Representatives Secretariat Mr. Liu Yu-Wan (China) Mr. F.J.Schmidt (Principal Secretary) Mr. T. Seutu (China) Mr. J. Engers (Secretary) Mr. M.A.P.Valle (El Salvador) Mr. A. Blokh (Precis Writer) Mr. H. Costilhes (France) Mr. G. Globa (Precis Writer) Mr. R. Luna (Philippines) Miss I. Glance (Secretary-Typist) GROUP II Representatives Secretariat Mr. G. Patterson (Canada) Mr. R.S.Hausner (Secretary) Mr. Wang Gung-Hsing (China) Mr. C.Campbell (Irecis-Writer) Mr. H. Lindo (El Salvador) Miss M.Allard (Secretary-Typist) Mr. Hurh, Hyun (Interpreter) GROUP III Representatives Secretariat Mr. O. Manet (France) . Mr. G. Lucas (Secretary) Mr. B. Singh (India) Mr. A.Balinski (Irecis Writer) Mr. Y. Maghir (Syria) Miss A.Smith (Secretary-Typist) Mr. Shin (Interpreter) GROUP IV Representatives Secretariat Mr. S.H. Jackson (Australia) Mr. I. Milner (Secretary) Mr. J.L. Paul-Boncour (France) Miss M.Montague (Irecis Writer) Miss J.Stioren (Secretary-Typist) <첨부문서> 제52호 : 감시반 조직과 여행일정(1948. 5. 3) A/AC.19/W.42/Add.6/Rev.1 3 May 1948 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH UNITED NATIONS TEMPORARY COMMISSION ON KOREA ORGANIZATION AND TRAVEL ITINERARY OF OBSERVATION GROUPS (Period 7-11 May 1948) (Adopted by the Main Committee at its Sixth Meeting) The following revised plan for the observation of the election programme during the period 7 to 11 May 1948 is circulated herewith for the guidance of Observation Groups. The Main Committee agreed that the period of observation be extended for an additional day beyond the time schedule given below should any Observation Group consider it advisable to do so. I. Organization Group Locality Representatives Secretariat* 1 City of Seoul Mr. Liu Yu-Wan (China) Mr.F.J.Schmidt (Main Seoul, Kyonggi-Do Mr. M.Valle (El Salvador) Mr.I.Milner Committee) Chunchon, Kangwon-Do Mr. M.Barthelemy (France) Mr.J.F.Engers Mr. R.Luna (Philippines) Miss Murier Mr. Y.Mughir (Syria) Montague 2 Chongju, Chungchong Fukto Mr.G.Patterson (Canada) Mr.C.Campbell 3 Taejon, Chungchang Namdo Mr. B.Singh (India) Mr.G.J.Lucas 4 Chenju, Cholla Fukto Mr. T.Ssutu (China) Mr.A.Polinski Mr. Tang Gung-Hsing China) 5 Kwangju, Cholla Namdo Mr. H.Lindo (El Salvador) Mr. H.Liao 6 Taegu, Kyongsang Fukto Mr.O.Manet (France) Mr.A.Blokh 7 Pusan, Kyongsung Namdo Mr.S.Jackson (Australia) Mr.A.Gottesman Miss J.Stieren 8 Cheju, Cheju-Do Mr.H.Costilhes (France) Mr.G.Globa 9 East Coast Mr.J.L.Paul-Poncour Miss I.Michaux (France) * It is anticipated that a sufficient number of interpreters will be made available by the United States authorities in the Provinces in order to meet the Commission's requirements. II. Travel Itinerary* Group 8 1. Leave Secui (via auto) C800 Leave Kimpo airport (by air) 1000** Arrive Choju-Do 1200 2. Leave Cheju-Do (by air) 1300*** Arrive Kimpo airport 1500 Arrive Seoul 1615 Friday 7 May Tuesday 11 May Group 9 To be arranged by United States authorities. ** Scheduled flight. *** Special flight. <첨부문서> 제54호 : 제주도 선거결과 보고(1948. 5. 21) NATIONAL ELECTION COMMITTEE SEOUL, KOREA 21 May 1948 Maj. Gen. William F. Dean, U.S. Army. Military Governor, USAMGIK Capitol Building Seoul, Korea Dear Gen. Dean: Re: Reports on the return of the Gen. Election I report to you the new members of the National Assembly, elected on 10 May 1948 as per attached herewith. Also the resolution passed by the Committee on the North Che Ju Electoral District, A.B. I trust you will receive your due consideration and appropriate action. sincerely yours, RO CHIN SUL Chairman National Election Committee Seoul, Korea NATIONAL ELECTION COMMITTEE SEOUL, KOREA 19 May 1948 Maj. Gen. William F. Dean, U.S. Army Military Governor, USAMGIK Capitol Building Seoul, Korea Dear General Dean: Re the Invalidation of the Elections made in some Electoral Districts of Che Choo Do. I take pleasure in recommending you that the elections made in the Electora District A and the Electoral District B of Puk Che Choo shall be invalid in accordance with Section 44 of the Election Law for the following conditions: I. Electoral District A .... 73 Voting Districts Number of the voting district which the voting was made. 31 1. Number of the voting district which the voting could not be made. 2. Number of the registered voters. 27,560 Number of the voters which participated in the voting. 11,912 3. Elected Members First: Mr. Yang Ki-chin 3,647 votes Second: Mr. Kim Si-hak 3,479 " Third: Mr. Kim Choong-hee 2,147 " Fourth: Mr. Moon Dai-u 1,693 " II. Electoral District B .... 61 Voting Districts 1. Number of the voting districts which the voting was made. 32 Number of the voting districts which the voting could not be made. 29 2. Number of the registered voters. 20,917 I [illegible] Number of the voters who participated in the voting 9,724 3. Elected Members [illegible] First [illegible] Mr. Yang Byung-jik 3,774 votes Second : Mr. Park Jang-hee 3,190 " [illegible] Third [illegible] Mr. Kim Duk-joon 691 " I trust this will receive your due consideration and appropriate decision. Sincerely yours, RO CHIN SUL Chairman National Election Committee Seoul, Korea [illegible] OF THE [illegible] MEMBERS OF [illegible] [illegible] NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Electoral District Name Age Number of Votes Occupation Party of Affiliation 104 Che Joo Do Puk Che Joo Gun A Puk Che Joo Gun B Nam Che Joo Gun Oh Yong-kook 44 12,888 Member of KILA None <첨부서4> 제54A호 : 선거무효(1948. 5. 24) HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY MILITARY GOVERNMENT IN KOREA APO 235 UNIT 2 24 May 1948 SUBJECT: Invalidation of the Flections TO: The National Election Committee Seoul, Korea 1. The elections in Electoral District "A" and Electoral District "B" of North Cheju Do held on May 10, 1948, under the Law for the Flection of Representatives for the Korean People issued March 17, 1948, are hereby declared null and void and of no effect. 2. It is hereby ordered that a new election take place in these two districts on June 23, 1948, in accordance with Section 44, of the aforesaid Law, under the provisions of said Law and under the supervision and control of the National Election Committee. 3. This decision to nullify these elections was arrived at after consultation with the National Flection Committee which took into consideration the fact that voting was held in less than fifty per cent of the voting districts of Electoral District "A" and Flectoral District "5" of North Cheju Do on May 10, 1948, due to activities and violence of subversive elements, Under these circumstances the election in Electoral District "A" and Flectoral District "B" of North Cheju Do on May 10,. 1948, cannot be considered a true expression of the will of the people. /s/ W. F. Dean W. F. DEAN Major General, United States Army Military Governor <첨부서4> 제55호 : 남한의 선거인 등록과 투표율(1948. 5) SOUTH KOREA - INTERIM GOVERNMENT Office of Administration Census Division Registration and Voting Data on National Election in South-Korea Total Total % of Act'l Reg- Possible Actual istrants Est.Pop. Regis- Regis- % Reg- Total Who 1 Apr 48 trants trants istered Voters Voted (000) (000) Seoul City 1,247 616 3/ 568,291 92.2 488,304 8/ 92.8 Kyonggi Do 2,575 1,269 4/1,385,470 85.4 981,638 8/ 96.6 Chungchong Pukto 1,147 565 461,885 81.8 444,632 96.3 Chungchong Namdo 1,932 982 794,392 80.9 760,694 95.8 Cholla Pukto 2,093 1,032 5/ 801,988 77.7 727,718 8/ 96.7 Cholla Namdo 3,058 1,598 6/1,106,397 73.3 908,879 8/ 93.6 Kyongsang Pukto 3,260 1,607 7/1,227,597 76.4 992,036 8/ 92.1 Kyongsang Namdo 3,300 1,627 1,287,890 79.2 1,242,750 96.5 Kang Won Do 1,167 575 467,554 81.3 458,038 98.0 Che Ju Do 1/ 108 53 37,040 69.8 32,062 86.6 Total South Korea 19,947 2/9,834 7,837,504 79.7 7,036,750 8/ 95.2 1/ Data are for Nam Cheju Gun only. 2/ Based on the percentage of 49.3 as derived from 1947 National Registration (7½ million sample), who are 21 years of age and over. 3/ Includes 1 electoral district which had 42,021 registrants and "no contest". 4/ Includes 2 electoral districts which had 68,755 registrants and "no contest". 5/ Includes 1 electoral district which had 49,149 registrants and "no contest". 6/ Includes 3 electoral districts which had 135,292 registrants and "no contest". 7/ Includes 5 electoral districts which had 150,405 registrants and "no contest". 8/ Percentage derived exclusive of "no contest" data.