미소공동위원회 미국소위원회 보고서 No. 2. 조선선거

Secret PLAN FOR NATIONAL ELECTIONS IN KOREA Reference: a AMD 8 Report by U.S. Subcommission No. 2 GENERAL 1. Drafts of laws providing for the election of delegates to a National Assembly and for the election of provincial and local councils are contained in AMD 8. 2. Both drafts provide that an Election Control Board, appointed by the powers signatory to the Moscow Agreement, shall appoint a Central Election Committee of Koreans, which body will in turn appoint such subordinate election committees as are necessary for lower administrative subdivisions. (See Exhibit "A".) Other powers invited to assist in the supervision of elections, by United Nations or other international agreement, may also nominate representatives to sit on the Election Control Board. UNITED NATIONS SUPERVISION 3. The plans proposed may be controlled entirely by United Nations or the Election Control Board consisting of representatives of the Four Powers may supervise the elections with the aid of United Nations observers. 4. The participation of United Nations observers or those representatives of such powers as may constitute the Election Control Board should include assignment as observers and supervisors to any of the subordinate election committees. In addition, selected and trained members of the occupation forces may perform the actual observation in the smaller administrative subdivisions and at polling places in accordance with whatever plans and regulations may be drawn by the Election Control Board to suit the local situation. TIME FACTOR 5. Six months is considered the absolute minimum length of time required for conducting general elections in Korea, a backward Oriental country lacking a comprehensive transportation and AMD 8/1 - 1 - Secret Inclosure 1 DECLASSIFIED Authority [illegible] SECRET communications network, and with a people who largely do not yet understand democratic processes. (See Exhibit B.) An election is mechanically possible in four months, but the result would probably be criticized by the world. METHOD OF CONDUCTING ELECTIONS 6. Elections successively conducted in four areas of approximately equal population are recommended. These elections should be completed within two months. As an alternate solution, elections successively conducted in North and South Korea, to be completed within one month, are considered feasible provided the necessary supervisory personnel is available. 7. At least one, and preferably two, foreign observers should be stationed at each polling place. 8. Elections by the four area method shall be conducted as follows: (Population figures are latest available.) Area A Population: 8,421,000 Chejudo Cholla-Pukto Cholla-Namdo Kyongsang-Namdo Area B Population: 7,340,000 Kyongsang-Pukto Chungchong-Namdo Chungchong-Pukto City of Seoul Area C Population: 5,822,000 Kyonggido Hwanghaedo Kangwen-do Area D Population: 6,568,000 Pyongan-Namdo Hamgyong-Namdo City of Pyongyang Pyongan-Pukto Hamgyong-Pukto AMD 8/1 SECRET Inclosure 1 DECLASSIFIED Authority [illegible] 826518 SECRET SUPERVISION 9. Four-Area Election Plan: (Non-Korean Requirements) Area A, the largest in population, requires minimum supervision and observation personnel as shown below. The requirements for this team, therefore, will be the maximum number of personnel required for any and all elections under this plan. a. Requirements Nation-wide elections conducted successively in 4 areas. (1) Election Control Board: 4 composed of 4 members, one representative to be designated by each signatory power. Highest type expert for general supervision of elections and control of the commissioners, inspectors, and supervisors on lower levels. Advises, assists, and controls Korean staffed Central Election Committee. (2) Circuit Election Commissioners: 25 attached to Election Control Board to assist Election Control Board in field inspections to determine compliance with election law and supplementary regulations enacted by Election Control Board and Central Election Committee. May be used as additional inspectors and supervisors in critical situations as determined by Election Control Board. Highly qualified personnel with administrative experience required. (3) Provincial Election Inspectors (3 for each province) 48 advise, assist, and supervise Korean staffed Provincial Election Committee under Election Control Board. Are responsible for proper AMD 8/1 SECRET Inclosure 1 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 82637P Secret conduct of election campaign in their respective provinces. Provincial Election inspectors shall have responsibility for proper functioning of GUN (PU, KU) Election Supervisors. Personnel with administrative experience required. (4) GUN (PU, KU) Election Supervisors (3 for each gun) 750 advise, assist and supervise Korean staffed GUN (PU, KU) election committees under Provincial Election Inspectors. GUN (PU, KU) Supervisors advise, assist, and supervise Korean staffed MYUN (EUP) election committees, and supervise preparation of election on local level. Qualified foreign observers required. May be officers of the occupying forces or officers attached to the armed forces in Japan or otherwise qualified persons to be designated by Election Control Board. (5) Polling Place Observers (2 for each polling place) 8000 for 4000 polling places. (Total polling places in all Korea will approximate 15,000; under the 4-area plan polling places in the largest area are estimated 4000.) 2 observers at each polling place are required. Specially briefed members of occupation troops may be used for this purpose. Total required for 6 to 8 month period - 827 Grand total 8,827 AMD 8/1 - 4 - Inclosure 1 Secret DECLASSIFIED Authority [illegible] Secret Note: Of the above personnel those listed in (1), (2), (3) and (4) will be required to be in Korea for a period of 6 - 8 months, i.e. from a date 6 months before an election is held in election area A until the election in election area D. 10. North (population: 9,346,000) and South (population: 19,369,300) Election Plan: Below are shown requirements for personnel to supervise elections in South Korea, the larger area (qualifications of personnel and system of control same as shown in paragraph 9 above): a. Requirements - Successive North and South Korea Elections (1) Election Control Board 4 (2) Circuit Election Commissioners 40 (3) Provincial Election Inspectors (3 per province) 48 (4) Gun, Pu and Ku Election Supervisors (3 each per Gun, Pu and Ku) 750 (5) Polling Place Observers (2 each per polling place) 20,000 Total required for 6 to 8 month period 842 Grand total 20,842 11. Elections may also be held: a. In each province successively, b. Simultaneously in two provinces, c. Simultaneously in all provinces of Korea AMD 8/1 - 5 - Inclosure 1 Secret DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 82657P SECRET The attached Exhibit "C" gives an estimate of the number of observers required for each plan. 12. a. Special comment is made concerning the election laws contained in AMD 8. In drafting these laws, the election law passed by the Korean Interim Legislative Assembly (KILA) of the South Korea Interim Government was used as the principal source in order to meet, insofar as is possible, anticipated Korean objections to an election law drawn by foreigners. An attempt has been made to refine and restate some of the provisions of the law enacted by KILA which appeared to be impracticable in the light of the task of introducing the unfamiliar device of popular and democratic elections to a country which never had other than an autocratic government. The election law in force in North Korea was also studied as a basis for comparison. Inclosures 1 and 2 to AMD 8 are intended as election laws for all of Korea but can be used also for elections in South Korea only. b. The main distinctions between the attached and the election law passed by the Korean Interim Legislative Assembly of the South Korean Interim Government are given in Exhibit "D". 13. There is attached as a comparative study brief summaries of the essential features of the Saar Plebescite conducted in 1935 and the Nicaragua elections of 1930. (Exhibit "E".) 14. Also attached as Exhibit "F" is a chart showing the electoral districts of Korea and the latest available statistical information on population. SECRET AMD 8/1 - 6 - Inclosure 1 DECLASSIFIED Authority [illegible] SECRET ELECTION PLAN Diagram of Control of National Elections in Korea ELECTION CONTROL BOARD Circuit Representatives of U.S., U.S.S.R., Commis- China, Gt. Brit. designated by sioners respective governments (4 members) Foreign Supervisory All-Korean Chain of Control Election Machinery CENTRAL ELECTION COMMITTEE PROVINCIAL ELECTION PROVINCIAL ELECTION INSPECTORS COMMITTEE GUN (FU, KU) GUN (PU, KU) ELECTION SUPERVISORS ELECTION COMMITTEE POLLING PLACE OBSERVERS POLLING PLACE OFFICIALS VOTING VOTING VOTING VOTING VOTING VOTING DISTRICT DISTRICT DISTRICT DISTRICT DISTRICT DISTRICT SECRET - 7 - EXHIBIT "A" DECLASSIFIED Authority [illegible] SECRET ELECTION TIME CHART 180 DAYS PLUS BEFORE ELECTION ELECTION CONTROL BOARD CONVENED 160 DAYS BEFORE ELECTION: CENTRAL ELECTION COMMITTEE CONVENED 150 DAYS--- MINIMUM RESIDENCE REQUIREMENT 120 - 90 DAYS BEFORE ELECTION: REGISTRATION OF VOTERS 80 DAYS BEFORE ELECTION LAST DAY OF APPEAL FROM NONREGISTRATION 70 DAYS BEFORE ELECTION DECISION OF APPEALS 90 - 80 DAYS BEFORE ELECTION: PUBLIC EXHIBITION OF POLL REGISTER AND CHALLENGE OF REGISTRATION 80-70 DAYS BEFORE ELECTION: EXAMINATION AND DECISION OF CHALLENGE 60 DAYS BEFORE ELECTION: LAST DAY OF FILING OF NOMINATION OF CANDIDATES 60 - 50 DAYS BEFORE ELECTION: REVIEW OF NOMINATION BY ELECTORAL DISTRICT COMMITTEE 50 DAYS BEFORE ELECTION: PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT OF NAMES OF CANDIDATES 50 - 40 DAYS BEFORE ELECTION: CHALLENGE OF NOMINATIONS 40 - 30 DAYS BEFORE ELECTION: DECISION ON CHALLENGE BY PROVINCIAL ELECTION COMMITTEE 30 DAYS BEFORE ELECTION: CERTIFICATION OF LISTS OF CANDIDATES AMD 8/1 EXHIBIT B - 7a Secret DECLASSIFIED Authority [illegible]