1948년 7월 정치요약

ACTION 군 is ussigned to [illegible] No. 264 CONFIDENTIAL THE FOREIGN SE[illegible] OF THE UNITED STATES IN [illegible]ICSEP - [illegible] 1948. ODGRANTORN.S. Political Advisor D 0/1 Seoul, Korea, Hqs. XXIV Corps, APO 235 :/o PM, San Francisco, Calif. August 16, 1948 SUBJECT: Political Summary for [illegible] July [illegible] [illegible] HONORABLE [illegible] THE SECRETARY OF STATE WASHINGTON SIR: I have the honor to report herewith the outstanding political developments in Korea during the month of July 1948. In summary, it may be noted that July was a period of positive events which, nevertheless, by their nature, indicated that they were only a prelude to more conclusive happenings in the near future. Thus, the National Assembly completed the (South) Korean Constitution, organized the all- important executive branch, and elected a president and vice-president. But the government structure and staff were still only partially built and not ready to accept the reins of control from U.S. military authorities. Similarly, South Korean rightist and moderate groups seemed in a state of flux. Rightist parties were realigning under the stress of imminent actual responsibility in the search for patronage. Moderates were reflecting the___ wisdom of their recent honeymoon with the North Korean Soviet puppets and vaguely indicating that they might participate in the (South) Korean regime if asked, or, if not, become an active instead of a boycotting opposition. The United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea added to this picture by completing a report on its work and observations through May 10th and preparing for the two big tasks of consultation with the new administration, and reporting to its parent body, the UN General Assembly, in Paris in September. Even the pattern of North Korean activity fitted this mold. The Democratic People's Constitution was proclaimed to be operative, but the big event was to be the election of August 25th which would "freely, secretly, and democratically" elect the first Supreme People's Council. North Korean troops seemed to be moving to positions closer to the 38th parallel, as if in preparation to take over (although this was not indicated). On instructions from, and with the help of aid, supplies, and agents from the North, South Korean Communists appeared to be building up guerrilla bands in relatively inaccessible mountains and to be reorganizing urban party organizations. Signs pointed to a major Communist effort, perhaps on the August 15th planned formal inauguration of the new government in Seoul, but more likely on August 25th, which North Korea has proclaimed to be election day for the whole nation. VII. NORTH KOREAN AGENTS AND SOUTH KOREAN COMMUNIST ACTIVITIES Everywhere in South Korea, the South Korea Labor Party and its fellow travelers showed lively activity throughout South Korea. South Korean officialdom and police openly considered the Communists as rebels and traitors who must be seized and imprisoned whenever found and whatever doing. In viewof the Communists' violence, riots, ambushes, lies, and plots, this attitude was quite understandable and reasonable. The Communists were putting themselves "beyond the pale". In every province, South Korea Labor Party men organized mobs, attacked police boxes, coerced farmers, and planned infiltrations of constabulary, police, and civil government offices. Several hundred who had already infiltrated were uncovered and arrested. More and more reports filtered in of growing bands in hard-to-police mountains which adopted names such as "People's Liberation Army", reminiscent of Communist guerrillas in China, Greece, and other lands. Groups of up to 300 men each were 40 miles east of Seoul, 30 miles north of Kunsan, 25 miles east of Chongju, 20 miles northwest of Taegu, and 40 miles southeast of Chonju, in addition to rebels in Chejudo. Urban groups were also revitalizing their basic cells and liaison organizations. Work was begun to "get out the vote" for the August 25th election (See part VI above) in South Korean towns and villages. Apparently, however, most important instructions and organization no longer go from Pyongyang to Seoul headquarters, and thence to provincial and lower units throughout South Korea. Party channels of command are no longer adequate enough in the U.S. zone. Instead, it seems more and more that North Korean agents bring army orders directly from the Soviet zone to cohorts scattered all over South Korea. This seems to have somewhat angered the South Korean Labor Party. Reports from all parts of the South indicate the presence of these agents. "At least 5 were arrested near the 38th parallel itself. Two separate reports told of 450 (actually in North Korean Army) sent south to contact guerrilla units and spread instructions. Twenty-five North Korean police allegedly were sent south to lure South Korean police to training schools and better jobs in the North. Agents were also alleged to be entering the South as "refugees". In addition, ships were coming to points along the South Korean coast to supply guerrillas and Communist organizations with supplies, weapons, and propaganda. 100,000,000 Won worth of opium was reported to have been given to the South Korean Labor Party to sell for expense money. Amid these preparations, other reports told of plans to use the forces, built up for violence. Many place "D-Day" as August 15th. This seems most likely in view of priority instructions from Pyongyang to carry through in the South the August 25th election. This itself will require much effort in a non-violent atmosphere. More likely are reports which set the beginning of a major effort after August 25th. Whether these will result in sizeable troubles to a greater extent than similar past alarms is a matter of speculation. However, a year has passed since the Communists were raided and disorganized in August 1947. Not only has there been time to reorganize, but this is an occasion worthy of a major effort. It is the beginning of "cold war" between North and South with dangerous "hot" interludes. VII. MISCELLANEOUS At least 19 clashes involving North Korean and Russian troops against American soldiers or South Korean police occurred during July along the 38th parallel. One of these resulted in the death of a U.S. soldier, with another wounded. Very few other casualties were recorded although many shots were exchanged. In almost every case the South Korean side of the parallel was violated. Most incidents were in the Kaesong area north of Seoul. This might indicate that large new Korean troop units had moved near the parallel in this area (based on Haeju) and were showing their inculcated contempt of the South. The South Korean constabulary continued its expansion and training. Clashes occurred in widely scattered areas with police, civilians and youth groups. This indicated more rivalry than Communist infiltration of the constabulary. Units also completed clean-up operations on Cheju Do, which quieted down considerably. The Korean press continued to devote attention to events in Japan. Rightists deplored the U.S. "building-up" policy, but all parties attacked the conviction of the Korean rioters at Kobe, day after day. A report that smugglers of Japanese goods into Korea had been caught brought approval. The press felt that continuation of such imports would lead to renewed dominance of Japanese industry in Korea. An anti-Japanese Rearmament Society was established. Reference to the protests over the status of vested Japanese property in Korea has already been made in Part I above. Sporadic attention in the press was also given to the Korean Olympic team en route to and in London, the high price of rice (up to 1800 Won per 16-2/3 pounds in late July in Seoul), and the floods in many parts of southern South Korea, which, in part, contributed to rising rice prices. Respectfully yours, Joseph E. Jacobs United States Political Adviser 찾 아 보 기 I can see this appears to be a page from a document collection, but the image is essentially blank/nearly blank with only very faint markings visible at the top edge and a small mark on the left side. The content is either: 1. A blank page or separator page 2. The reverse side of a document with no printed content 3. A page where the text is too faded/light to be legible [illegible - page appears blank or content is not visible] 찾아보기 [ㄱ] 감시순방 177 감시여행 176 감찰관 93, 96, 98 강규찬 45 강대석 45, 46 건국준비위원회 14 검거선풍 162 검사장 15, 18, 100 검찰총장 153 **경비대원** - 처형 68 **경찰** - 테러자행 94 경찰고문관 147 **경찰관** - 살인죄 판결 63 경찰분견대 234 경찰유치장 162 경찰학교 60 경향신문 24 계엄령 24 고갑수 45 고다마 184 고문 61 고바야시 210 고이산 178 고철종 45 곡물수집 129 공보원 252 공산당 58 과도입법의원 18 관재처 121 광견병 21, 140 광복청년회 110 광주지방법원 161 구국투쟁위원회 46 구좌면 232, 233, 237, 238 국방경비대 18, 25, 26, 31, 37, 59, 224, 256 국회 253 국회의원선거법 253 군경갈등 39, 58 군사법정 29 군사재판소 63 군정장관 24, 25, 105, 175 **군정청** - 보건후생부 18 - 여론조사과 13, 19 귀순 폭도 심사위원회 56 구우세력 117 구우슬로건 109 구우파 91 독재분자 14, 108, 109, 116, 117, 118 김광전 44 김구 188, 192 김구식 188, 192 김금순 44 김달삼 44 김남게 145 김대봉 15 김덕준 249 김득렬 121 김시학 249 김영배 61, 117, 154 김용관 44 김유환 44 김용환 46 김익렬 24 김일성 222 김정호 24 김충희 249 【ㄴ】 나인호 142 남로당 39, 40, 44, 48, 65, 102, 117, 194, 214, 254, 255 － 도사부 46 － 보급선 49 － 선동 34, 49 － 세포 50, 55, 66 － 전라남도위원회 44 － 제5열 분자 45, 50 － 제주도위원회 44 － 제주읍 일반위원회 45 － 제주읍 특별위원회 45, 50 － 제주읍면위원회 44 － 조직 42 － 지령 207 － 프락치 50 남로당 중앙위원회 208 남부지도자회의 188 남제주군 32, 204, 221, 235, 251 남조선 민주여성동맹 51 남조선과도정부 21, 22, 27, 32, 67, 108, 131, 161, 175, 203, 217, 221, 223, 225, 228, 239, 252 － 공보부 113, 114 － 농무부 167, 201 － 민정장관 174 － 사법부 163 － 서부지 240, 250 － 수석교무관실 238 － 운수부 239 － 중앙식량행정처 125, 132, 136, 149 － 체신부 232, 233, 235 내선 27, 68, 83, 178 냉전 256 별도 89, 95, 100, 104, 106, 107, 108, 111, 113, 115, 124, 142 노루악 83 노엘 38, 81, 86, 87 노진설 32, 248, 249 농지소유권 167 뉴욕 포스트 160, 161 【ㄷ】 단식투쟁 61 대검찰청 153 대동청년단 66, 110, 222 대통령 선출 253 대한독립촉성국민회 108, 207 대한독립촉성정년회 16 대한민정 101 대한일보 68 도로장애물 232, 233, 234, 235 도립의원 93, 142, 144 도청 차량기지 98 독립신보 24 동맹휴교 23 딘 26, 27, 32, 39, 60, 96, 113, 114, 148, 179, 180, 185, 198, 206, 218, 232, 248, 250, 253 【ㄹ】 러시아 164 러시아군 256 러시아제 무기 30 러취 18, 106 로버츠 37, 59, 61, 69, 224 【ㅁ】 마크 191, 192, 195 마티넬 134 마틴 16 매독 82, 85 매춘 84 맨스필드 25, 112 메이데이 181, 183, 190 모리행위 54 모스크바 222 무상몰수 167 무장해제 31 무정부상태 150 문대유 249 문도배 18 문종혁 142, 145 문종후 145 문준혁 145 문준호 145 물가인상 14 미곡 할당량 120 미곡수집 136, 145 미국적 교육 프로그램 42 미군 - 제20연대 74 - 제24군단 51, 186, 201 - 제59군정중대 16, 18, 25, 38, 40, 41, 71, 73, 81, 147 미군고문관 68 미군부대 24 미소공동위원회 90, 95, 100, 101, 102, 104, 154, 155, 157 민간인물자보급소 111 민애청 51 민전 101 민정장관 38, 90, 94, 95, 98, 102, 104, 105, 112, 113, 232 민정정보지 35, 36 민족청년단 66 민주독립당 110, 116 민주주의민족전선 104, 154, 157 민주주의인민공화국 254 민주학생동맹 66 밀니 176 밀수품 14 【ㅂ】 박경훈 14, 101, 102, 104, 119, 153, 154, 157 박종훈 155 박진경 33, 45, 54, 61 박창회 249 박태훈 110 반도 24, 30, 31, 33, 216, 255 반란 29, 32, 33, 34, 68, 216 반란군 27, 254, 255 반역자 254 방첩대 16, 40, 82, 90, 96, 102, 103, 109, 110, 111, 118 버제스 69 번즈 82 번하이젤 232, 237, 238 법무부 90 베로스 96, 107 벡자민 20 별동대 207 병원폐업 143 보건후생국 142, 144 보궐선거 252 봉화 · 190 부패관리 54 북로당 54 북제주군 28, 32, 154, 198, 221, 227, 249, 250 북한 164, 188, 223, 254 북한 간첩 254, 255 북한군 255, 256 북한선거 66 불법미곡 130 불법집회 102, 163 브라운 34, 38, 42, 43, 213, 214, 215 비망록 104, 105, 134, 212, 238, 239 비상전력위원회 228 빼라