한국
군사적, 정치적, 경제적, 사회적 상황, 언론검토, 민간정보, 기타 극동사령부 사령관 및 참모들을 위해 선정된 정보 제2389호 기타
1. 남한 소요:
b. 군대 활동: 한국군 전투부대는 경상남도 서부에서 폭도에 대한 주도권을 확보하며 3월 9~13일에 걸친 작전에서 폭도 180명을 죽이고 25명을 생포했다. 정부군은 M-1 114정, 카빈 10정, 일본제 소총 3정, 경기관총 2정을 회수했다.
제주도에 주둔하는 한국 육군 부대는 3월 5~12일 기간 동안 폭도 111명과 군인 28명이 사망하고 폭도 183명이 생포됐다고 발표했다. 정부군은 이 기간에 경기관총 2정, M-1 소총 7정, 카빈 10정, 일본제 소총 11정을 압수했다. (C-3) 최근 몇 개월 동안 제주도에서 폭도들의 활동이 크게 두드러지지는 않았으나, 게릴라의 잔학 행위와 군경의 과잉 진압이 누적된 결과 섬 주민들의 고통과 궁핍은 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 민간인 중에서 사상자들이 막대하다. 가옥의 15%가 파괴됐다. 집을 잃은 피난민들은 주로 북부 해안가 도시들에 모여 있는데, 이들을 부양하기에는 비축 식량이 부족하다. 현재까지 게릴라 집중지역에 가해진 소규모 공격에 비해서는 군경의 손실이 상당히 크다. 대부분의 사상자는 미군 고문관의 전술 제안, 특히 행군간 경계와 관련된 제안을 따르지 않아서 발생한 것으로 볼 수 있다. (C-3)1
정보원 논평: 한국군이 압수한 무기들의 수가 사망하거나 생포된 폭도들의 수에 비해 적은 것은 제주도의 폭도들이 비교적 적은 수의 무기를 보유하고 있다는 증거다.
논평: 게릴라 활동과 식량부족은 섬 주민들에게 극심한 고통을 안길 수 있으며,
1) 주한미육군사령부 제50842호, 3월 19일
공산주의자들의 신규 모집에 유리한 환경을 제공할 것이다. 폭도들에 대한 한국군의 유효성은 제2연대가 제9연대를 대체한 1948년 12월 이후 감소했다.
c. 폭도 활동: 3월 12~19일 기간 전라남도에서 발생한 폭도 폭력행위 2건으로 폭도 3명, 민간인 2명이 사망했다. 전라남도에서 들어온 추가보고에 따르면 폭도들이 경찰서와 마을을 공격하고 경찰순찰대를 기습하는 과정에서 경찰 9명, 폭도 10명이 사망했다. 또 다른 추가보고는 3월 7~8일 전라남도에 있었던 충돌사건 3건으로 인해 폭도 16명, 경찰 2명이 사망했다고 전했다. (C-3)2
2) 주한미육군사령부 제50842호, 3월 19일
Military, Political, Economic, Social Situation, Press Review, Civil Intelligence, Miscellaneous
Selected items for the Information of Commanders and Staffs of the Far East Command
MISCELLANEOUS No. 2389
1. South Korean Unrest:
a. Motive to be Established: U.S. Army and Korean investigators are trying to establish the motive for the murder of Mrs Ethel Underwood, U.S.
missionary in Korea, who was killed in her home in Seoul on 17 Mar (Intell.
Summary 2383). One theory has been advanced that the assailant's original intention was to intimidate education leaders of the Chosen Christian College who were attending a meeting at Mrs Underwood's home. The faculty members, strongly pro-American, were discussing anti-Communist measures to be taken in their school when two masked men shot Mrs Underwood. Some support for this premise can be gained by the fact that the college president received a threatening telephone call four days previously with regard to his pro-American activities. Another possible theory advanced is that MO Yung Suk was the real object of the attack (Intell. Summary 2383). MO was at one time a leftist, but later she established a pro-Japanese reputation. At present, she is a supporter of President RHEE. Korean police believe that Mrs Underwood was shot unintentionally during the excitement of the intrusion. This theory is based on preliminary investigation of the bullet's trajectory and statements by eye witnesses. (a)
b. Armed Forces Active: Assuming the initiative against rebels in the mountainous regions of western South Kyonggang Province, a Korean Army task force killed 180 rebels and captured 25 during operations from 9-13 Mar.
Government forces recovered 114 M-1 rifles, 10 carbines, three Japanese rifles, and two light machine guns.
Elements of the Korean Army on Cheju Island have announced that 111 rebels and 28 soldiers were killed and 183 rebels were captured from 5-12
Mar. Government forces confiscated two light machine guns, seven M-1 rifles,
10 carbines, and 11 Japanese rifles during the period. (C-3) While there has been no marked upturn in rebel activities on Cheju Island in recent months, the hardship and privation of the populace is steadily increasing as a result of guerrilla outrages and excesses of the armed forces. Casualties among the civilian populace are heavy. An estimated 15 per cent of the homes on the island have been destroyed, and food stocks are not sufficient to feed the homeless refugees, who are concentrated primarily in northern coastal cities. Losses among the armed forces have been relatively heavy, considering the minor inroads they have made on guerrilla concentrations to date. However, many of the army casualties can be attributed to its failure to follow tactical suggestions of U.S. advisors, particularly with regard to march security. (C-3) (a)
Source Comment: The relatively small number of arms confiscated on
Cheju Island by the Army, as compared to the number of rebels killed, is an indication that comparatively few weapons are possessed by the rebels.
Comment: Guerrilla activity and a shortage of foodstuffs may inflict
extreme hardships on the island's populace, providing a fertile ground for Communist recruitment. The effectiveness of the Republic's armed forces against the rebels has decreased since late Dec 48, when the
2d Regiment replaced the 9th Regiment.
c. Rebel Activity: Three rebels and two civilians were killed in two acts of violence by rebels in South Cholla Province from 12-19 Mar. Delayed reports from South Cholla Province state that nine policemen and 10 rebels were killed when rebels attacked a police station and a village, and ambushed a police patrol. Other delayed reports state that 16 rebels and two policemen were killed during three clashes in South Cholla Province from 7-8 Mar.
(C-3) (a)
d. Ambassador Nominated: John J. Muccio, U.S. Special Representative to Korea, was nominated on 21 Mar to be the first U.S. Ambassador to Korea.
Mr. Muccio served as U.S. political adviser on German affairs prior to his arrival in Seoul on 23 Aug 48 (Intell. Summary 2193). (b)
(a) USAFIK 50842, 19 Mar (b) DA 51882, 23 Mar 49
- 4 DECLASSIFIED
Authority E- 0\2 D65
출처:
제주4·3평화재단 편,
『추가진상조사자료집-미국자료5』,
p. 527.
— NARA (RG 554, Entry 27(A1), Box 2)
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