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G-2 PERIODIC REPORT From: 010800/I Dec 48 To : 020800/I Dec 48 Headquarters, USAFIK Seoul, Korea 1000/I 02 December 1948 Confidential P/R #1002 Historical MAPS: KOREA, 1/250,000 Eastern ASIA, 1/1,000,000 PART I SOUTH KOREA 1. ARMED FORCES. Negative 2. CURRENT INTELLIGENCE a. Governmental Activities Negative b. Civil Unrest (1) Constabulary Operations In KANGWON-DO In an effort to block the movement and facilitate the capture of raider groups, elements of the 7th and 8th Constabulary Regiment occupied the approximate line: (1150-1600) - (1160-1602). These elements were reinforced by other elements of the 8th Regiment approximately 10,000 yards south, at (1153-1591) and (1162-1590). (B-2) On 27 November a group of approximately 30 raiders, previously reported at (1127-1614), were retreating north. Fifty policemen were sent to (1127-1627) to intercept this group. (F-6) At 281830 November an estimated 49 raiders broke through the line established by the Constabulary at (1157-1600). Later during the same night an additional 15 raiders broke through the Constabulary line at the same point. (B-2) On 29 November a U.S. reconnaissance patrol observed a fight between elements of the 7th Regiment and an estimated 65 raiders in the vicinity of (1157-1600). (B-2) An estimated 40 raiders were reported in the area of (1112-1615) on 01 December. A platoon of the 8th Regiment lost contact with this group but began a search of the area. (Constabulary Report) The objective of the raiders is now believed by the Constabulary to be KWONKLING S,N (1147-1573). (B-2) Raider activities near YONGWOL (1140-1590) now reportedly are confined to the CHUPO (1100-1590) area and the YONGCHUN (1140-1580) area. An estimated 25 raiders are reported in the CHUPO area and approximately 30 in the YONGCHUN area. Police and constabulary killed 5 raiders and captured 1 in the CHUPO area and killed 3 and captured 1 in the YONGCHUN area. At 020300 December it was reported that 3 constabularymен and 6 policemen were killed in the action against the raiders in the vicinity of YONGCHUN. (Police Report) Confidential DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 765070 XXIV CORPS G-2 P/R #1002 Confidential (2) Constabulary Activities In CHOLLA-NAMDO Constabulary units continue operations against raider groups in CHOLLA-NAMDO. On 29 November 3 raiders were killed and 18, of whom 5 were Constabulary mutineers, were captured. One Constabularyman was killed. In this action the Constabulary force captured 10 M-1 rifles, 1 automatic rifle, 1 carbine, 700 rounds of ammunition, 6 bags of rice and miscellaneous clothing and equipment. (PMAG Report) (3) Raider Activities In CHOLLA-NAMDO (Delayed Reports) On 26 November 1948, the MAM MYUN (1010-1330) police box was attacked by an unknown number of raiders. The attacking group was repulsed by the police with no known casualties on either side. (Police Report) On 28 November 1948, raiders in the SUH CHANG MYUN (990- 1350) area were reportedly gathering in preparation for an attack on the city of KWANGJU (990-1350) sometime between 28 November and 05 December 1948. (Police Report) On 28 November 1948, a civilian truck was ambushed by approximately 20 raiders at a point (1013-1332) on the KWANGJU-POLGYO road. The occupant of the truck escaped and reported the incident to the POLGYO (1035-1315) police, who later recovered the truck. (Police Report) c. Communism In Schools A heretofore unreported and unofficial method of combating communist penetration into higher schools has been reported by Dr. CHANG Loo Hak, President of Seoul University. Northwest Youth representatives approached the Dean of Men of Seoul National University and demanded permission to investigate the faculty and some of the students for communist activities. The dean refused permission on the grounds that investigations could not properly be conducted by private organizations. However, in the opinion of the dean, underground investigations are definitely being conducted by the Volunteer Defense Corps and perhaps by other groups. As evidence of this, Dr. CHANG stated that after a student in the College of Education, Seoul National University, was assassinated on 12 November, the police called the students together to identify the culprits. "Somehow," said Dr. CHANG, "the youth groups got them in the front rows and were the ones who did the pointing out." Several students were arrested on the basis of the accusations. In addition to the activities of the youth groups, the new Chief of Metropolitan Police, KIM Tai Sun, reportedly told Dr. CHANG that hereafter the police will not wait for requests from the university authorities before investigating university students suspected of communism. Chief KIM went on to say that the students would be jailed for a week or two, after which the university would be asked to dismiss them. Dr. CHANG's protests that this "infringed on academic freedom," left Chief KIM unimpressed. COMMENT: Communist infiltration into the faculties and student bodies of schools throughout Korea has been recognized since 1945. In Korea, as in other parts of the world, the communists find the schools profitable fields for their efforts. The history of education since the beginning of the occupation has been marked by student strikes. It is not believed that the strikes have invariably been communist inspired, but it is reasonable to assume that, if the communists did not inspire a particular strike, they attempted to exploit it just as they attempt to exploit all other disturbances. -2Confidential DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 750206 XXIV CORPS G-2 P/R #1002 Confidential outstanding manifestations of communist success in the schools this year was indicated: a - During the 7-10 February uprising. Though in industry only a few strikes were called, several school strikes were reported. (F-2) It is noteworthy that 8 February was a Sunday and 10 February a holiday. b - On 24 October on CHEJU-Do. When air observers reported a number of mass meetings at which North Korean flags were displayed, they also reported that the meetings were being held in front of middle schools, and apparently by students. (B-2) The provincial governor closed all middle schools pending a screening of teachers and students. c - During the occupation of SUNCHON (1040-1320) by rebel forces from YOSU (1070-1300, 20-22 October. After students as young as 14 years of age were given weapons, they not only participated in the killing of certain teachers and rightists but on one occasion attacked loyal Constabulary with suicidal frenzy. (B-2) 3. PSYCHOLOGICAL Translation of SEOUL Newspapers. (See Incl. #1) 4. SABOTAGE AND ESPIONAGE Cable Sabotaged In Transmitter Station On 30 November 1948, the master control cable of the Korean section, Fuhci Transmitter Station, located approximately 2 miles east of CAMP ASCOM (975-1635), was cut by unknown persons. The two Korean telephone operators of this section are reported to have disappeared. The American communications system was not impaired. (CIC Flash Report. A-1) PART II NORTH KOREA 1. ARMED FORCES a. Soviet Forces Negative b. North Korean Forces Negative 2. CURRENT INTELLIGENCE Negative 3. WAR POTENTIAL a. Public Health In North Korea (Restricted) A refugee, who had served as a physician in a number of North Korean hospitals, had the following report to make on Public Health in North Korea: There was an outbreak of typhoid fever in CHINNAMPO (840-1780) which started in January 1948 and continued in epidemic form until -3- Confidential DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745270 XXIV CORPS G-2 P/R #1002 Confidential June 1948. There was an average of about 20 cases a month throughout this period and the death rate averaged approximately ten percent. The entire population of CHINNAMPO was inoculated in August 1948 against small pox, typhoid fever and cholera. General health conditions in North Korea are poor, due to ignorance and to lack of sanitation, medical supplies and proper diet. About 30 percent of the men between the ages of 20 and 32 have venereal diseases. Treatment of the cases is difficult due to the lack of drugs and the proper methods of treatment; consequently very few cases are cured. (F-3) COMMENT: The doctor's statement would indicate that the manpower of North Korea has still another limiting factor, public health. A report published in W/S #160 page 29 revealed that some labor shortage was being experienced in North Korea, at which time it was commented that service in the Armed Forces, conscripted labor, imprisonments and the flight of refugees to the South had drained much of the available labor supply. If 30 percent of the men between the ages of 20 and 32 are infected with a venereal disease this report is further evidence of an additional reason for labor shortages. b. Cost of Living In North Korea (Confidential) The following list of cost-of-living prices were secured in two North Korean towns in the month of October: Rice Millet Barley Corn Dried Fish Salt mal* mal mal mal barrie** sərng*** SINPO-RI 300 250 - 110 4500 100 (1110-1950) KILCHU 250 210 140 110 5000 40 (1210-2150) * one small mal equals 2.38 gallons ** one barrie equals approximately 165 pounds *** one sərng equals 3.18 pints COMMENT: The North Korean won continues to be traded with the South Korean won on the basis of one North Korean won to three South Korean won. Cost of living prices reported from the above towns have remained steady and do not reflect the drop in rice prices reported from other areas in previous W/S. This may be accounted for by the fact that rice is not a principal crop in the area. The above prices were secured by 6 sources in KILCHU and 15 sources in SINPO-RI. 4. PSYCHOLOGICAL Negative 5. ADJACENT AREAS (MANCHURIA AND EASTERN SIBERIA) Negative -4- Confidential XXIV CORPS G-2 P/R #1002 Confidential Watlington A.C of S/ G-2 [illegible] 1 Incl. Translation of SEOUL Newspapers Under the provisions of par 33a (1), AR 380-5, 15 August 1946, authority is hereby granted for destruction of this document after it has served its purpose, and is of no further value to the receiving agency. This authority is extended to cover destruction of previous issues of this publication in accordance with the foregoing instructions. Confidential -5- DECLASSIFIED Authority NW 75850