주한미육군사령부 정보참모부 주간요약보고

PAGE 1 SOUTH KOREA From: 271200/I Aug 48 To: C31200/I Sep 48 Headquarters, USAFIK Seoul, Korea 3 September 1948 No. 155 Maps: A. ARMED FORCES 1. Strength (Secret) Police: 35,000 Constabulary: 52,046 (including 927 recruits and 593 cadets) Note: Due to a tyographical error the Consta- bulary strength reported in last week's Summary (57,765) was incorrect. The correct strength was 52,765. Coast Guard: 3,028 (including 131 cadets) (B-2) 2. Operational Activity (Confidential) Border Incidents At 301605 August, 6 North Korean Constabularymen came south of the parallel and attempted to kidnap a woman at (946.1-1696.5). South Korean police at YOHYON NI (947.4-1696.2) observed the action and fired on the NKC. (Police Report) At 301655 August, 5 North Korean Constabularymen were observed south of the parallel at (946.2-1696.6). South Korean police attempting to capture the NKC, were fired on by 5 SOVIET soldiers located at (946.5-1696.8). The police patrol returned the fire, and an additional 20 SOVIET soldiers, armed with a light machine gun, came from a SOVIET outpost and deployed along a road in the vicinity of (946.4-1697.1). The firefight which developed lasted for only a few minutes. (Police Report) At 282020 August an estimated 40 North Korean Constabularymen at PM #5 (928-1698) fired on the KYU JUNG (829-1697) police box. Twenty rounds were fired at the village of UMAN-NI (864-1697) at 282055 August by unknown persons from North of the parallel and at 282129 August North Korean Constabularyment fired 24 rounds at the SIN DONG (873-1695) police box from the vicinity of YONG DANG RO (874-1696). There were no reported casualties from any of these incidents. (C-2) COMMENT: These reports are unique in that they indicate approximately coordinated attacks across the entire ONGJIN Peninsula. -3- SECRET DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 SECRET XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #155 PART I Border Incidents | 4-11 June | 11-18 June | 18-25 June | 25 June 02 July | 02-09 July | 09-16 July | 16-23 July | 23-30 July | 30 July 06 Aug | 06-13 August | 13-20 August | 20-27 August | 27 Aug 03 Sept | 03-10 Sept | TOTAL Korean vs Korean | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 39 Firing on US Personnel | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 Ambushes of US Personnel | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 Soviet Viola- tions of para- llel* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 Korean viola- tions of para- llel* | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 Soviets vs Koreans | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 TOTAL | 7 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 58 B. CURRENT INTELLIGENCE 1. The Korean Government a. Inspection Committee Formed The appointments to the Inspection Committee, one of three committees directly responsible to the President (see Incl. W/S #153), were announced on 28 August. They are: Chairman: * CHUNG In Bo Members: * LEE Yul Kyu * PAK Soon Chun (female) KIM Yung Chik *KANG In Taik PAK Hyun Sook (female) KIM Eun Min * CHOI Myung Soo * LEE Chong Sik * Member of RHEE's NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE ACCELERATION of KOREAN INDEPENDENCE. The Government Organization Law stipulates that the Inspection Committee "shall be comprised of a chairman and eight members to be appointed by the President" and "shall have jurisdiction over all matters pertaining to the inspection of Public employees subordinate to the President." This does not include jurisdiction over the National Assembly and judges (W/S 149, page 12). b. Korean Delegation to the UN The Korean Delegation to the United Nations General Assembly (W/S #154, page 5) is encountering difficulties created by misconceptions which Helen KIM, a member, has revealed regarding the conduct of the Korean Delegation. -4- SECRET DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #155 PART I Miss KIM, disappointed because she was not designated top Korean delegate to the UN, reportedly indicated surprise when informed that it was necessary that the Korean Delegation be headed by an elected member. (Both John M. CHANG and CHANG Ki Yung were elected to the National Assembly on 10 May.) Then she expressed the opinion that the Korean delegation should set up a stall in one of the corridors of the UN building where Korean delegates would distribute literature presenting the Korean cause in an attempt to win UN support. Reportedly, she also suggested that since she, in her present opinion, is to serve predominantly in a social role, a substantial entertainment fund should be provided for her use. Neither of these two proposals were favorably considered by John M. CHANG (CHANG Myun) the head of the delegation. COMMENT: Miss KIM's peculiar misconceptions may become a source of some embarrassment to the delegation. c. The National Assembly The second reading of the National Traitor bill continued in tense sessions during the period. Speaker SHIN Ik Hi twice injected lengthy appeals to narrow the scope of the bill's provisions, and the chairman of the special committee for making recommendations regarding national traitors (W/S #153, page 8) announced the resignation of the committee because the facts presented by that committee regarding certain "pro-Japanese" in the Government had been ignored by the executive branch. The resignation of the committee was not accepted. On 31 August the Assembly decided to continue its present session until the beginning of the regular session 20 December. On 2 September, the National Assembly adopted the following resolution by a vote of 95-3 out of 153 present: "The National Assembly resolves to request Dr. Philip Jaisohn to remain in Korea." The Speaker was asked to convey the request to JAISOHN. COMMENT: The resolution seeking further services of Korean-born, aged (83), U.S. citizen Dr. (physician) Philip JAISOHN apparently was instigated by the bloc of KIM Koo - KIM Kyu Sik supporters. JAISOHN, as counsellor to the South Korean Interim Government, limited his active support of any political factions, but he has frequently indicated pro-moderate proclivities. The 95 votes backing the resolution to retain him indicates that considerable National Assembly strength is interested in him as a spokesman for the minority, close to the top level of the Government. During the period, the Seoul press revealed that (1) prior to the passage of the resolution, KIM Koo and KIM Kyu Sik paid a call on JAISOHN in his quarters at Seoul's CHOSUN HOTEL and, later, (2) JAISOHN is bending a hopeful ear for the results of the Assembly's action. d. Police Transferred; Authority Over U.S. Personnel On 2 September President RHEE and the Commanding General, announced that the direction of the Department of Police, South Korean Interim Government, will pass to the Minister of Home Affairs, Republic of Korea, at 031200 September, 1948. President RHEE and General COULTER jointly declared: "In taking this significant step we desire to reiterate our belief in a democratic police force dedicated to the preservation of order and of human rights. We are confident that the police organization of the Republic of Korea will continue to maintain the public peace and at the same time safeguard the individual rights of the Korean people." -5- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #155 PART I The announcement also stated that arrangements for the transfer of other governmental functions are nearing completion. In a letter dated 30 August the Commanding General announced that: "All military personnel, all civilian personnel employed by the U.S. Army or by any part of the agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Army, or otherwise accompanying or serving with the U.S. Army in Korea, and the dependents of such military and civilian personnel, are required in their individual conduct to abide by and comply with the laws of the Republic of Korea pertinent thereto, and may be arrested by Korean law enforcement agencies for violations of Korean laws." The letter also contained instructions to the effect that alleged offenders are to conduct themselves courteously toward Korean law enforcement officials upon arrest. It has been agreed, the Commanding General stated, that Korean authorities will not bring the offender to trial in a Korean court, but will deliver him to U.S. Army authorities as quickly as possible for proper disposition of the case. On the other hand, Korean nationals apprehended in acts detrimental to American persons or property by U.S. Army law enforcement agencies will be turned over to the custody of the Korean police, together with all pertinent information concerning the offense for which arrested. 2. UNTCOK Prepares for the General Assembly Only the Main Committee, comprised of two alternate representatives(SSUZU of China and CUSTILHES of France) and two secretaries remain in Seoul (W/S 154, page 4). All others on the Commission have already left Seoul. 3. South Korean Role in 25 August Election a. South Korean Representation At The HAEJU Conference According to an announcement by Radio PYONGYANG on 29 August the following "indirectly elected" representation from South Korea participated in the HAEJU Conference during 21-26 August (W/S 154, page 38) and elected 360 representatives to the "Supreme People's Council": 1. South Korea Labor Party 137 2. *Democratic Independence Party 53 3. Laboring People's Party 61 4. People's Republican Party 68 5. South Korea Federation of Trade Unions 66 6. League of Cultural Organizations 24 7. Democratic Women's League 40 8. Democratic Patriotic Youth League 23 9. South Korea Confucian League 18 10. Democratic Christian League 18 11. Social Democratic Party 43 12. Democratic Korean Independence Party 35 13. Laboring (Industrious) Mass Party 19 14. *Chun Do Kyo Youth Friends' Party 7 15. Federation of Objectors to Student Conscription 4 16. Healthy People's Society 7 17. *Independent Women's League 2 18. *National Independence Federation 30 19. National Unification Society 6 20. South Korea Youth Association 6 21. Patriotic Youth Association 2 *Signed a denunciation of the 25 August election (./S #154, page 7 ) -6DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #155 PART I 22. Buddhists' Federation 7 23. Buddhists' Youth Party 6 24. *Korean Farmers' Party 6 25. *Korea Independence Party 7 Non-partisans 269 TOTAL 361 COMMENT: Previously, Radio PYONGYANG announced that 1080 South Korean representatives were to attend the HAEJU conference. Later it announced that only 1002 actually attended, indicating that if the allegations are true 78 north-bound "representatives" were probably halted at the border or before they reached it. Communist propaganda has already begun to attack US and Korean authorities South of the parallel for their unjustifiable interference in the conduct of a "democratic" election. This list again indicates the division in the "moderate" organizations. In at least the six parties indicated by asterisks, one faction of each party is now enmeshed in the Soviet machinery and the other stands outside denouncing the entire election. It is also of interest to note that Radio PYONGYANG did not mention the names of the NEW PROGRESSIVE PARTY, the POPULAR ALLIANCE or the communist SOUTH KOREAN FARMER'S LEAGUE, all of which have been generally identified with the parties participating in the HAEJU conference. b. Eighteen South Korean Organizations Claim Support of 25 August Election On 03 September the communist CHOSUN CHOONG ANG ILBO (Korean Central Daily) reported that the following eighteen organizations are supporting the Supreme People's Council: 1. Social Democratic Party 2. Industrious Mass Party 3. Buddhists Youth Party 4. Korea National Unification Society 5. Democratic Women's League 6. Christian Democratic League 7. Korean Youth Science Association 8. Scientific Technicians' Federation 9. Educators' Association 10. Literary Men's Federation 11. Seoul Branch of the Federation of the Koreans in Japan 12. Korea Confucians Federation 13. Organization Committee of the National Independence Federation 14. Democratic Patriotic Youth League 15. Scientists' League 16. Artists' League 17. Independence Unification Salvation Committee 18. Literary Men's Society COMMENT: None of these organizations were parties to the denunciation signed and publicized by 25 organizations last week (W/S 154, page 6). Some of these organizations do not actually exist, or are composed of the same small body of individuals who have given themselves, or have been given, two different names. For example, organizations numbered 7 and 8, and 9, 10 and 18 are probably just two organizations instead of five separate ones. Organization number 13 does not exist. It may be assumed, however, that the Communists in most of the bonafide organizations represented in this alleged statement of support of the Supreme People's Council have overruled or ignored intra-organizational opposition to take this action. * Signed a denunciation of the 25 August election (W/S #154, page ) -7- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #155 PART I 4. CIVIL UNREST a. Recent Changes in Communist Operations During the past 5 months, the South Korea Labor Party has initiated changes in its organizational structure and tactics. Generally every change in communist technique within a province was caused by circumstances within the province. The following changes have been reported by sources evaluated from F to B: (1) On the national level the South Korea Labor Party has changed its basic organizational structure from a decentralization of activities and responsibilities within the various departments to a strong centralized unit directed solely by the Secretary General, PAK Heun Young. The large number of arrests, the poor efficiency of subordinates, the time-consuming process of dissemination of directives, the unsuccessful channeling of directives between like departments on national, provincial, gun, myun, and city levels are specific reasons for this major change. (2) In some provinces the South Korea Labor Party has added another department to its organizational structure, the Propaganda Dissemination Bureau (or Department). Previously, the Propaganda Department alone had not been able to handle successfully the distribution and dissemination because many of its members were being continuously apprehended by the police or were not fitted for such duties. Further, additional members were needed to avoid the police, rightists and CIC. (3) The South Korea Labor Party has also initiated a process of eliminating staff officials from the Central Executive Committee, the Central Political Committee and the Standing Committee who have not fulfilled their responsibilities. These men could not or would not adhere completely to the communist party line or else they were mere figure heads in the communist hierarchy. (4) Many "loyal" Communist members are being sent to North Korea in order to receive instruction and training in espionage, politics and economics. Many reports confirm this activity. (5) The South Korea Labor Party has organized a separate Intelligence Bureau as a result of the preparatory meeting of the Asiatic Cominform in Harbin, Manchuria in November 1947. The progress of this agency has been subsequently accelerated in order to conform with the same decision of the Cominform meeting in Khabarovsk, Siberia, in June 1948. (6) The complete direction and control of the "fractions" (basic infiltration unit) has been put in the hands of PAK, Heun Young in order that strong centralization and coordination of infiltration activities will be maintained. (7) Augmented use of North Koreans trained in North Korea, North China and Manchuria for perpetrating subversive activities in South Korea has been a salient feature of communist activity during the past four months. (8) In order to avoid detection and apprehension of members, the South Korea Labor Party and its affiliates have transferred trained staff officials from one province, gun, myun, etc. to another. This has been confirmed by various sources in all provinces. (9) Insofar as the Korean Communist Party is concerned, no accelerated membership drive is in progress. No augmentation is necessary in this small, elite group of an estimated 7,000 so long as the South Korea Labor Party, the Democratic Peoples Front and their affiliates continue to adhere to the communist party line. Another factor in the suspended membership drive is the reluctance of members to vouch for new members in view of the number of affiliates who have been arrested by the police and turned police informants. -8DECLASSIFIED Authority NND745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #155 PART I b. Communist Violence (1) Weekly Violence Summary - Negative (2) Delayed Reports Covering Last Week Delayed reports of incidents which occurred during the week ending 27 August but which were not carried in last week's summary (see W/S #154, page 9) are: [TABLE] | Seoul | Kyonggi Do | Kangwon Do | Chungchong Namdo | Chungchong Pukto | Cholla Namdo | Cholla Pukto | Kyongsang Namdo | Kyongsang Pukto | Cheju Do | TOTAL Attacks on towns | | | | | | | | | | | Attacks on police | | | | 1 | | | | | | | 1 Police killed | | | | | | | | | | | Rightists killed | | | | | | | | | | | Communists killed | | | | | | | 1 | | | | 1 Demonstrations, | | | | | | | | | | | disorders, arson & | | | | 2 | | | | | | | 2 attacks on rightists | | | | | | | | | | | Attacks on govern- | | | | | | | | | | | ment buildings | | | | | | | | | | | Sabotage (communi- | | | | | | | | | | | cations) | | | | | | | | | | | Sabotage (RR lines) | | | | | | | | | | | Sabotage (roads) | | | | | | | | | | | Sabotage (Bridges) | | | | | | | | | | | Sabotage (Power) | | | | | | | | | | | Strikes (Labor) | | | | | | | | | | | Strikes (Schools) | | | | | | | | | | | [/TABLE] -9- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #155 PART I (3) 1948 Communist Activities in South KOREA | | JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUNE | JULY | AUG | SEPT* | TOTAL | |--------------------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|------|------|-----|-------|-------| | Attacks on towns | | | | 5 | 73 | 2 | 1 | | | 88 | | Attacks on police | 130 | 118 | 50 | 95 | 12 | 11 | 11 | | | 418 | | Police killed | 33 | 20 | 15 | 34 | 1 | 1 | 5 | | | 112 | | Rightists killed | 1 | 14 | 14 | 81 | 144 | 51 | 10 | 1 | | 316 | | Communists killed | 1 | 74 | 75 | 70 | 155 | 83 | 33 | 21 | | 518 | | Disorders, demonstrations, arson attacks on rightists' offices and homes | 6 | 118 | 69 | 126 | 196 | 81 | 24 | 12 | | 632 | | Attacks on government buildings | | 9 | 11 | 2 | 9 | 3 | | | | 37 | | Sabotage (Communications) | 14 | 53 | 55 | 32 | 57 | 8 | 1 | | | 223 | | Sabotage (RR lines) | 1 | 14 | 6 | | 8 | | 1 | | | 28 | | Sabotage (locomotives) | | 50 | | | 24 | | | | | 74 | | Sabotage (roads) | 13 | 5 | 2 | 5 | | | 1 | | | 26 | | Sabotage (bridges) | 6 | 3 | 5 | 1 | | | | | | 21 | | Sabotage (power) | | | | | 7 | 1 | | | | 8 | | Strikes (labor) | 14 | 6 | 3 | 16 | 1 | | | | | 40 | | Strikes (school) | 1 | 5 | 1 | 9 | | | | | | 25 | *Incomplete c. Other Violence (1) No rightist inspired acts of violence were reported during the period. (2) A summary of acts of violence on the part of persons of unknown political affiliation as reported up to 03 September 1948, is as follows: [TABLE WITH REGIONAL COLUMNS: Seoul, Kyonggi Do, Kangwon Do, Chungchong Pukto, Chungchong Namdo, Cholla Pukto, Cholla Namdo, Kyongsang Pukto, Kyongsang Namdo, Cheju Do, TOTAL] Assassination Anti-grain collection Political terrorism Demonstration Resistance to arrest | | | | | 2 | | 1 | | | | 3 Arson Unclassified Attacks on police Attacks on individuals Sabotage (communications) | 2 | | | | | | | | | | 2 Sabotage (railroad lines) Sabotage (power) Sabotage (bridges) Strikes (labor) Strikes (school) -10- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND745070 CIVIL UNREST CHART HWANGHAE-DO KANGWON-DO 38° Inchon • Chunchon • Seoul 2 S KYONGGI-DO YELLOW SEA. CHUNGCHONGCHUNGCHONG- PUKTO KYONGSANGNAMDO • Chongju PUKTO Taejon CHOLLA-PUKTO • Taegu Chonju KYONGSANG-NAMDO R • Kwangju CHOLLA- • Pusan NAMDO S R R SOUTH KOREA Cheju ——— CHEJU-DO LEGEND R RESISTANCE TO ARREST INVOLVING UNKNOWNS S SABOTAGE (COMMUNICATIONS) INVOLVING UNKNOWNS -12- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070