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PART I SOUTH KOREA From: 151200/I Oct 48 To : 221200/I Oct 48 Headquarters, USAFIK Seoul, Korea 22 October 1948 Secret · No. 162 MAPS: KOREA 1/250,000 East ASIA 1/1,000,000 A. ARMED FORCES 1. Strength (Secret) Police: 34,101 (not including police women) Constabulary: 49,222 (including 1,041 cadets and 48 recruits) Coast Guard: 2,965 (including 257 cadets) Note that the above figures do not include casualties suffered in the revolt. See B, 6a (Civil Unrest) 2. Operational Activity (Confidential) a. Border Incidents - negative b. Constabulary Operations (Restricted) - See B, 6a(Civil Unrest) [TABLE - Border Incidents] | | [multiple date columns June-October] | TOTAL | |---|---|---| | Korean vs Korean | 4 6 4 6 2 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 1 2 2 1 | 46 | | Firing on US Personnel | 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 1 2 | 22 | | Ambushes of US Personnel | 1 | 1 | | Soviet Violations of Parallel* | 1 1 | 2 | | Korean Violation of Parallel* | 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 | 10 | | Soviets vs Koreans | 1 1 | 3 | | TOTAL | 7 8 6 7 4 6 2 3 4 4 3 5 5 2 5 7 5 3 | 86 | * No firing involved. 3 Secret DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CO PS G-2 W/S #162 PART I B. CURRENT INTELLIGENCE 1. National Assembly (Unclassified) The "Temporary Law on Local Government Administration", as finally passed, provides for the appointment of provincial governors and the election of the lower officials of county and local governments rather than appointment of all the officials as erroneously reported in Weekly Summary #161. Under the conditions of the bill control of the police is under the mayor of Seoul and the respective provincial governors. The mayor and the governors are authorized to require army commanders in their area to take action in an emergency when the army is required to maintain public order. The Assembly, after passing the above bill, adjourned on 14 October for 20 days. On 21 October, due to "an emergency situation" the Chairman ordered that members reconvene on 27 October. The members of the Assembly who introduced the withdrawal resolution (W/S #161, page 4) are listed in Appendix A. 2. Appointment of Provincial Governors (Unclassified) Five provincial governors were appointed by Minister of Home Affairs YUN Tchi Yong and approved by President RHEE. The appointment of four of the governors was announced on 18 October, while the fifth appointment (Kyongsang Namdo) was announced on 20 October. The new governors are: Governor Party Affiliation Province LEE Yong Jin None Chungchong Namdo *LEE Nam Kyu HDP 1/ and NSAKI 2/ Cholla Namdo LEE Chong Hyun CDP 3/ Kangwon Do *CHONG Hyun Mo HDP Kyongsang Pukto *HUN Shi Hwan HDP Kyongsang Namdo *Assemblyman 1/ Hankook Democratic Party 2/ National Society for the Acceleration of Korean Independence 3/ Chosun Democratic Party COMMENT: (Restricted) These appointments, which include three HDP assemblymen, are viewed by some officials in the government as a concession to both the HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY and the National Assembly, each of which has amply revealed its displeasure with regard to RHEE's allocation of appointments. 3. Great Korean Nationalist Party Formed (Confidential) A right-wing political organization, the GREAT KOREAN NATIONALIST PARTY, held its inaugural meeting in Seoul on 9 October. Its platform is: equality in sexes; equalities in politics, economy and education; promotion of the "national spirit" and world peace. Most of the organizers are drawn from the NATIONAL SOCIETY for the ACCELERATION OF KOREAN INDEPENDENCE. 4. President RHEE Visits Japan (Unclassified) President RHEE departed 19 October for conferences with the Supreme Commander of Allied Powers in Tokyo. The President returned to Seoul on 20 October. 4 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #162 PART I 5. Press Activity (Restricted) President RHEE followed Director of Public Information KIM Dong Sung's reproof of KOOK MIN SHIN MUN (National News( W/S #161, page 13) by issuing a statement, on 14 October, emphasizing the need for controlling the "radical elements" which are trying to "disturb the people" during this crucial period in which the government is concerned with establishing sovereignty. RHEE asserted that the circulation of groundless rumors "harmed national policy," and declared that "recently even the name of an ambassador of a friendly nation had been utilized to make up an entirely false story...." RHEE announced that "drastic steps" are required to "eliminate the malefactors." On 16 October, CHANG In Kap, managing editor of the moderate KOOK MIN SHIN MUN, was arrested by the Metropolitan (Seoul) Police. as managing editor, CHANG was charged with having been directly responsible for the appearance of the false report in the newspaper. The Seoul police stated that CHANG would soon be tried in the Seoul District Court. COMMENT: The government's intention to take punitive measures against the person or persons responsible for the circulation of the false report was revealed last week (W/S #161, page 13). KIM Dong Sung stated that the government would aid the press with constructive guidance following the adoption of a publications law, the draft of which has been completed by the Office of Public Information and is now in the Office of Legislation, where it is being prepared for presentation to the National Assembly. 6. Civil Unrest a. Constabulary Mutiny The rioting in southern CHOLLA NAMDO began at about 200200 October when approximately 40 enlisted men of a battalion of the 14th Regiment of the Constabulary mutinied under the leadership of a non-commissioned officer at YOSU (1070-1300), prior to or while being loaded to move to CHEJU DO. The mutineers, joined by an undetermined number of civilians, attacked police and railroad police in YOSU. (B-2) A group of some 35 Constabulary Military Police, police and Coast Guardsmen, under the command of the 5th Brigade Chief of Staff, attacked one group of mutineers but were forced to withdraw to a boat in the harbor. The rebels, whose strength had increased to between 400 and 500, commandeered a train at YOSU and arrived in SUNCHON (1040- 1320) at 200930 October. There they attacked the railroad station and engaged in a firefight with the railroad police. Provincial police and one company of the 4th Regiment, dispatched from KWANGJU (990-1350), engaged the rioters in SUNCHON; no further reports have been received concerning this company. Two other companies dispatched from KWANGJU took up positions outside of SUNCHON but returned at night to KWANGJU. Fighting was still in progress in SUNCHON during the night of 20-21 October (B-2),and the strength of the rebel groups was estimated to be 2400. During the afternoon of 20 October an estimated 1000 rioters moved north in the direction of NAMWON (1030-1380). A battalion of the 3d Regiment was committed against this force, south of NAMWON, at 201945 October. (B-2) 5 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #162 PART I At 210530 October rebel forces were reportedly withdrawing toward SUNCHON. A later report stated that rebel forces began to move north again at 210630 October, but were met at 211130 October in KURYE (1048-1577) by advance elements of a Constabulary battalion from the 3d Regiment moving south from NAMWON. (C-3) During the night of 20-21 October rebels were reportedly marching in the streets of YOSU, carrying Red flags and singing Red songs. Another report stated that a "Peoples Court" had been established in SUNCHON and YOSU and that policemen who were prisoners of the rioters were being tried by the courts and killed. (F-6) Reports received during 21 October of rebel activities were of isolated incidents, indicating that the rebel action was slackening. Mutineers reportedly captured 4 police boxes during the afternoon of 21 October, south and southwest of SUNCHON, at HENYANG Myun (1040-1310), POLGYO RI (1034-1314), CHOSUNG (1029-1309) and NAGAN (1034-1324). Mutineers were also reported in KWANGYANG (1050-1320) on 21 October. Later reports indicate the town has probably been cleared of mutineers. At 220645 October mutineers were reported by the police to be advancing to attack the main police box at KOKSUNG (1020-1360). COMMENT: If this report is correct, it indicates either that the attack was made by other than mutineers or that when a Constabulary battalion from the 4th Regiment moved from the west to the north of SUNCHON they cut off a group of mutineers who had already proceeded north. Twenty-six mutineers, allegedly enroute to POSONG (1000-1300) to attack the police, were captured by three Constabularymen on 21 October. Interrogation of prisoners indicates they were told at the beginning of the mutiny that the police had revolted and that the 14th Regiment had been ordered to suppress the police. Another prisoner stated that his unit was called out of the barracks on 19 October and told to draw arms and ammunition; he was under the impression that they were merely getting weapons prior to their departure for CHEJU DO. Air observers reported that at noon 21 October there was no fighting in YOSU or SUNCHON or any troops on the road between YOSU and NAMWON. North Korea flags were seen on several buildings in YOSU and SUNCHON. b. Communist Activity (Unclassified) During the period information was received from various sources that the SOUTH KOREA LABOR PARTY has issued instructions to all calls to collect signatures on petitions calling for the "withdrawal of the U. S. Army." Included within the directives are instructions that party members must not do this canvassing but will turn it over to old men, women and children. Signatures must be obtained from party members and their families; from people who support the "unified Government;" from middle-of-the-roaders; and from any rightist who wants to sign a petition. The directives also state that any person over 8 years old may sign the petition. Upon completion of this signature gathering, the petitions are to be sent to the United Nations. 6 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 TO KANGIN To FUSAN To K ANGIN KANGIN To KWANGJU HUJIN MOKP'O-NI PIRYOTONG-I [illegible] ROAD of CHEJU-EJ [illegible] 1900 1110 Situation 202600 October 1948 Map [illegible] Scale 1:500,000 1130 [illegible] BTA [illegible] KURYE RTA 1700 To PUSAN To SUNCHON KWANGJU [illegible] At [illegible] PIRYOTONG-NI [illegible] PIRYOTONG-NI CHOGON-NI To POSUN [illegible] 1900 1110 Situation 212600 October 1948 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 MAP KOREA Scale 1:100,000 1113 [illegible] 2 [illegible] 2[illegible] [illegible] 3(-) 3 11 [illegible] 12 2 [illegible] 12 [illegible] 4 1 [illegible] 15 [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] PUSAN 6 [illegible] 17 [illegible] PUSAN [illegible] 1[illegible] [illegible] 1[illegible]GO [illegible] 317 Situation [illegible] October 1[illegible] DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #162 PART I COMMENT: The orders and directives of the SOUTH KOREA LABOR PARTY which include these instructions indicate that the SKLP is using a much sounder technique than was manifest during the underground North Korea elections in South Korea. The following reports concerning dates for communist riots and disturbances have been received during the period of this report; these are in addition to those reported previously (W/S #157, #158, #160 and #161): (1) "The Peoples Liberation Army on CHEJU DO disseminated orders that general attacks were to be made by raiders on police sub-stations and 'reactionary elements' during 17-24 October 1948." (C-3) (2) "The South Korea Labor Party will instigate strikes and riots in schools and working places in TAEGU (1150-1430) following the completion of the collection of signatures demanding the withdrawal of American troops." (B-3) (3) "The South Korea Peoples Liberation Revolutionary Army Vanguard Action Corps will commence rioting in KAESONG (950-1690), KANGNUNG (1180-1660), TONG DUCHON NI (1000-1680), and TAEGU (1160-1440) in the very near future." (C-3) (4) "The Seoul South Korea Labor Party has sent men and women to KAESONG to instigate riots there and in KO RANGPO (980-1690). The riots will be held in abeyance pending the results of the YOSU riots." (B-2) On 17 October 1948, three staff members of the NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE ACCELERATION OF KOREAN INDEPENDENCE were murdered in the PUSAN (1200-1340) area by armed leftists. c. Communist Violence (Restricted) (1) Weekly Violence Summary as reported up to 22 October: [TABLE WITH FOLLOWING ROWS:] Attacks on towns Attacks on police Police killed Rightists killed 3 3 Constabulary killed Communist killed Demon, disorders, arson & attacks on rightists Attacks on Govt. Bldgs Sabotage: RR Lines Communications Roads Power Strikes: Labor Schools -9- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 618 제주4·3사건 추가진상조사자료집 6 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #162 PART I (2) Delayed Reports covering week ending 15 October Which were not carried in last week's summary (W/S #161, page 8): (Restricted) [TABLE WITH COLUMNS: SEOUL, KYONGGI-DO, KANGWON-DO, CHUNGCHONG-PUKTO, CHUNGCHONG NAMDO, CHULLA PUKTO, CHULLA NAMDO, KYONGSANG PUKTO, KYONGSANG NAMDO, CHEJU DO, HWANGHAE DO, TOTAL] Attacks on towns Attacks on police 1 1 Killed: Police Rightists Constabulary Communists Demon., disorders, arson & attacks on rightists Attacks on Govt Bldgs Sabotage: RR Lines Communications Roads Bridges Power Strikes: Labor Schools (3) 1946 Communist Activities in South Korea (Restricted) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT* TOT Attacks on towns 5 73 9 1 2 90 Attacks on police 130 118 50 86 12 11 11 4 3 425 Killed: Police 33 20 15 34 4 1 5 1 8 121 Rightists 1 14 14 81 144 51 10 1 7 6 329 Constabulary 1 1 Communists 1 74 75 70 155 83 33 22 1 5 519 Demon., disorders, arson & attacks on 6 118 69 126 196 81 24 12 7 5 644 rightists Attacks on Govt Bldg 9 14 2 9 3 37 Sabotage: Communications 14 53 58 32 57 8 1 223 Railroad lines 1 12 6 8 1 28 Locomotives 50 24 74 Roads 13 5 2 5 1 26 Bridges 6 9 5 4 24 Power 7 1 1 8 Strikes: Labor 14 6 3 16 1 40 School 7 5 4 9 25 * Incomplete -10DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #162 PART I d. Other Violence (Restricted) (1) No rightist-inspired acts of violence were reported during the period. (2) A summary of acts of violence on the part of persons of unknown political affiliations as reported up to 22 October 1948 is as follows: [TABLE WITH COLUMNS: SEOUL / KYUNGGI-DO / KANGWON-DO / CHUNGCHUNG NAMDO / CHULLA PUKTO / CHULLA NAMDO / KYONGSANG NAMDO / KYONGSANG PUKTO / CHEJU-DO / HWANGHAE DO / TOTAL] Assassinations 2 2 Anti-grain collection Political terrorism Demonstration Resistance to Arrest Unclassified Attacks on police Attacks Constabulary 6 Arson Attack on individuals Sabotage: Communication 2 2 Railroad lines Power Bridges Strikes: Labor Schools (3) Delayed Reports Last Week (Restricted) - Reports of incidents involving other than communist which occurred during week ending 15 October but not reported in last week's summary are: [TABLE WITH COLUMNS: SEOUL / KYUNGGI-DO / KANGWON-DO / CHUNGCHUNG NAMDO / CHULLA PUKTO / CHULLA NAMDO / KYONGSANG NAMDO / KYONGSANG PUKTO / CHEJU DO / HWANGHAE DO / TOTAL] Assassinations 1 1 Anti-grain collection 1 1 Political terrorism Demonstrations Resistance to Arrest Arson Unclassified 4 4 Attacks on police Attacks on Constabulary Attacks on Individuals 1 1 Sabotage: Communications Railroad lines Power Bridges Strikes: Labor Schools -11- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 620 제주4·3사건 추가진상조사자료집 6 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #162 PART I (4) Monthly summary of acts of violence on the part of persons of unknown political affiliations (Restricted) JUL AUG SEP OCT* TOTAL Assassinations 7 4 4 15 Anti-grain collection 9 1 1 11 Political terrorism 1 1 2 Demonstrations 15 9 3 27 Resistance to Arrest 5 · 9 14 Arson 2 3 5 Unclassified 11 11 4 26 Attacks on police 1 2 1 4 Attacks on Constabulary 1 1 Attacks on Individuals 4 3 3 10 Sabotage: Communications 1 4 4 2 11 Railroad lines 2 2 Power Bridges Strikes: Labor Schools 1 1 * Incomplete d. Civil Unrest Map (Restricted) SEE NEXT PAGE -12- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #162 PART I R E S T R I C T E D CIVIL UNREST MAP HWANGHAE-DO KANGWON-DO 38° △ Chunchon △ Seoul KYONGGI-DO YELLOW CHUNGCHONG PUKTO SEA CHUNGCHONG, NAMDO o Chongju Taejon [illegible] KYONGSANG, PUKTO △ △ Taegu Chonju CHOLLA PUKTO KYONGSANG NAMDO △ Kwangju CHOLLA NAMDO Pusan 3 • 20 0 Cheju CHEJU DO SOUTH KOREA ※ See sketches, pages 7 & 8 • Rightists killed 5 Sabotage (Communications) involving unknowns • Assassinations by persons whose political affiliations are unknown -13- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS, G-2 W/S #162 PART I C. MOBILIZATION POTENTIAL 1. Economic a. Cost-of-Living (Unclassified) According to a report from the Civil Affairs Section, USFIK, the general level of wholesale prices in South KOREA declined moderately in the second week of October. The wholesale price index declined to 173 percent of the 1947 average on 16 October from 175 percent on 8 October. This is compared with a recent high of 191 percent of the 1947 average on 11 September 1948. Foods led in the decline with lower prices for fish, eggs, soy beans and open market rice, wheat and barley. Textiles were also lower with a recession in the price of cotton sheeting, socks, silk and hemp. Firewood and millet were the only two items in the index for which prices advanced during the period 8 to 16 October. RICE PRICE SUMMARY MONTHLY AVERAGE (Unit: 1 small metric mal (13.48 lbs) 22 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP* OCT** Seoul 817 821 778 721 814 985 1158 1200 896 Kangwon Do 870 946 849 825 898 1012 1136 1133 Chungchong Namdo 793 728 674 634 726 946 1037 1083 Chungchong Pukto 645 723 719 660 795 1037 990 1033 Kyongsang Namdo 715 778 715 704 733 955 1070 950 Kyongsang Pukto 594 605 552 605 641 888 1081 1050 Cholla Namdo 614 633 559 595 801 963 1109 1008 Cholla Pukto 669 669 605 523 773 935 1036 1200 Cheju Do 806 748 679 814 806 1081 1879 1033 AVERAGE 713 744 631 725 777 978 1166 1087 SOURCE: National Price Administration (except Sept & Oct prices). * Incomplete ** 22 October price: SOURCE: Open markets (5) in SEOUL; price is for the metric mal (13.48 lbs. or 10 liters). Currency Exchange Rate: U.S. dollar equals 1,100 won (Open Market) Military Payment Script equals 530 won. 2. Population: (Restricted) a. Surrendered and disarmed: No change 179,920 b. Progress of Repatriation This Period To Date Japanese Civilians arriving from north of 38° N. Korea, 0 288,535 China and Manchuria Japanese evacuated to Japan 0 884,972 Total Koreans returning 2,825* 2,177,922 Total Repatriates Moved since 15 August 1945 3,065,279 Koreans Apprehended while Attempting illegal entry into Japan 0 25,594 * Incomplete 14 DECLASSIFIED Authority: NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/ S.# 162 PART I APPENDIX "A" Signers of Proposed Withdrawal Resolution ASSEMBLYMAN PARTY AFFILIATION** PROVINCE * CHA Kyung Mo Independent Cholla Namdo * CHANG Hong Dan HDP 1/ Cholla Namdo CHO Chong Sung Independent Chungchong Pukto CHO Kyu Kap Independent Kyongsang Namdo CHO Ok Hyun NSAKI 2/ Cholla Namdo * CHOI Tai Kyoo Independent Chungchong Namdo CHUNG Chin Kun Independent Kyongsang Namdo . KYNG Dal Soo PPC 3/ Kyongsang Namdo KIM Bong Doo Independent Cholla Pukto KIM Byung Hoi Independent Cholla Namdo KIM Choong Ki Independent Cholla Namdo KIM Dong Choon Independent Chungchong Namdo * KIM Ik No Independent Kyongsang Pukto * KIM In Sik UYMP Kyonggi Do KIM Kyung Pai Independent Kyonggi Do KIM Myong Dong Independent Chungchong Namdo * KIM Ok Choo Independent Cholla Namdo KIM Soo Sun Independent Kyongsang Namdo * KIM Yong Jai NSAKI Chungchong Namdo KIM Young Ki NSAKI Kyonggi Do KIM Woong Chin Independent Kyonggi Do LEE Chung Kun NSAKI Chungchong Namdo LEE Jai Young Independent Kyonggi Do * LEE Koo Soo Independent Kyongsang Namdo * LEE Moon Won Independent Cholla Pukto * LEE Suk NSAKI Kyongsang Pukto * LEE Suk Choo GICL 4/ Cholla Pukto LEE Sung Woo Independent Cholla Namdo APPENDIX "A" 16 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070