제주도의 사태 전개

American Mission in Korea. Seoul, March 14, 1949 SUBJECT - for me; artment distribution only Subject: Developments on Cheju Island The American Mission in Korea refers to its dispatches No. 115, March 3, 1949, and No. 125, March 9, 1949, on the above-cited subject, as well as several recent telegrams on the same subject, and as the honor to enclose further there- to a copy of an exchange of memoranda between the Counselor of Mission and the Commanding General, USAFIK, together with the enclosures thereto. Enclosure: Copy of memoranda, as stated ---- Enclosure no. 1 to Despatch no. 145 dated March 14, 1949, from American Mission in Korea, Seoul. To: General Roberts March 10, 1949 From: Mr. Drumright Subject: Conditions on Cheju Island I attach for your information and consideration copies of two papers on the subject of conditions on Cheju Island. One is a transcript of a statement made by two leading inhabitants of Cheju Island. The other is a copy of a letter from the Reverend Austin Sweeney, a Catholic Father, to Father George Carroll. I think that you will agree from a reading of these two papers that the situation on Cheju Island is pretty serious and that some rather positive action will have to be taken to ameliorate the situation there. /ss/ Everett F. Drumright Counselor of Mission Attachments ---- To: Mr. Drumright arc 11, 1949 From: Commanding General, USAFIK Subject: Conditions on Cheju Island 1. I agree wish you that Cheju-Do is a headache of major importance to Korea, [illegible] the Military Advisory Group is doing all, and more, within its [illegible] [illegible] Korean to [illegible] scenario about the situation./I have recently sent a strong letter to the Premier and a [illegible] a copy sent to the President on the issue, guerrilla and military situation there; I have told the home Minister of the situation and made several suggestions; I have sent a live wire Lieutenant Colonel there; I have had them set up a Control Intelligence Agency which is working; I have had a new commanding Officer and staff transferred there and this group is now operating in an intelligent manner accepting the advice of Lt. Col. Laborer, [illegible] to be a friend of the new commanding Officer. As a result of all the moves, the government is stirring, to my knowledge and to yours. 2. Yesterday, the raider and the nose lin tter rent there by plane and theyoot. re since. Today, I received some reports from that place, and they are very encouraging. The four battalions of the military have moved out of the towns and away from the coast line and they are camping in the hills and operating from there. Each one of these battalions are now equipped with good, workable radio sets which they have not had before. The liaison planes. just commenced, on March 5, of 50 raiders, five were killed and 21 captured. on March 6, four rauors wore killed and 51 captured. on are. 7, 45 raiders were encountered by one group, another group of 35 were encountered on the same date, results are 51 enemy killed and 8 captured, another group has located on arch 7, and a cover mated attach was ala .30 in snigh 23 were killsa an. 54 captured. another notion on .aren 5, six enemies were dillory unothe action on area 9, the 3rd [illegible] captured 57 prisoners. on area 5, a force estimated at.so. 2.0 and 600 guerrillas were encountered in which the army lost a company Commander, a Flatoon Leader and 15 unlisted men killed in action; and in union the enemy captured 15 weapons, including the light machine guns. No enemy casualties were reported. 3. At this time, the police are garrisoning the towns along the coast only the army is sweeping in the hills. Just lately, .e sent a demolition tea. down there and they are blowing up all caves which has been constructed by the Japanese. 4. It is necessary for us to begin to picture this poor island of about 3.0,000 inhabitants all [illegible] about the same day. These inhabitants have among the 1500, approximately, communists and quite a few sympathizers. no it is hard for the laymen to realize that these communists are not branded, nor do they wear a special uniform. they associate with all townspeople. and unless an inpartant is found .to an organization, pour bearing arms or enders, the frt. there, and the .no police, are unable to say that "This an is a guerrilla." like change their spots daily. They change their reports Daily 5. After all, this is a problem for the stave or .orsa. in a capacity of this. of .ind and as chief of .SAFIK, I am still an advisor only. e advisor can only consciously also in .m. face a th pon, and not indifferent advice, but if they do not choose to take it, that till at. .o have leaned over backwards to give them the equipment to assist them in getting to the locality rapidly, at least for their leaders. and we are willing to go further. 6. .or your information, the battalions which are in the field now are accompanied by 2.0 volunteer citizens .o assist .ont in constructing temporary shelters, assist chem as places and scouts and in many other ways. 7. also for your information, coordinated night attacks are being planned for most week. ----- HEADQUARTERS arc. 10, 1949 To: .r. irumaright From: John .ueler subject: .eet.in between Mr. iunce and Cheju island representatives .r. On Yong Kook, Cheju island Assembly member, .r. Lee Ho Sung, head of Cheju Island elementary educational section, and Mr. Hong Soon Jai, Cheju island civic leader, conferred with Dr. Arthur C. Bunce and .r. nobert Kinney regarding economic conditions on Cheju island. they reported that 20,000 houses (one third of the total) had been burned, 34 school buildings destroyed, and 14 government offices at the myun level have been totally destroyed. The provincial government building in Cheju city has been burned. They reported that 65,000 people are homeless and without food. They estimate that 60,000 suk of rice will be needed to last until May, as Cheju has always been a food deficit area. They also reported that it was impossible to harvest last year's sweet potato crop, which is the main staple raised on the island. They reported that the refugees on the island are concentrated along the coast, near Cheju City. Of the total population of 300,000 it is estimated that 100,000 (at least one third of whom are refugees) are concentrated in Cheju City. They estimate that there are 500 armed agitators, plus 15,000 active sympathizers, hidden in the mountains in the interior of the island. Geographic difficulties have prevented the army's cleaning up this guerrilla forces. The gentlemen from Cheju did not know the manner of government troops garrisoned on the island but reported that one regiment was assigned there. Another difficulty in actively resisting the guerrillas has been the Korean army policy of staying in the larger towns and acting as garrison troops rather than going out into the mountains and actively attacking the guerrillas. Among incidental comments the reported that only 105 villages were left intact of the original 400 on the island and that it was extremely difficult to separate Communists from the loyal citizenry, many of whom were being proselytea by the Communists. Dr. Lee do Sun, placed a plea for tents to be used as school buildings. He reported .hat there are no schools for the children and that they are going actively proselytod by the Communists and spread Communist propaganda among the parents. Dr. Bunce informed the delegation that it was impossible for the Economic Cooperation Administration to provide direct aid to the people of Cheju but that his agency would have to render assistance through the national government. Mr. Kinney informed the group that the dome Minister, Mr. Shin, and the Prime Minister were now in Cheju and that the Home Minister planned to remain there for an indefinite period of time in an effort to obtain order on the island. /ss/ John .. [illegible] ------ (Letter from Father Austin Sweeney, Catholic Missionary, Cheju Island, to Father George Carroll, Catholic Missionary, Seoul) Che Ju Do 15th February Dear George, I hope you had a good holiday in the P. I., or was it merely part of your "hard" work! India go: lor who could go. even here by rs. Tax. If this wore a civilized country, there w.ld be a nation wide "holp the Ju people" program on hand; the poor folk here are certainly getting it hard. The death-list now tops the 15,000 mark, the number of houses burned down, over 10,000. To nit one village where 721 houses had been destroyed by the raiders, and the people were living like animals, and getting an average of one sweet potato a day. Even, town and village around the coast (there are no alli villa es l.rt) have their own wall built around them, manned by soldiers, police and yo.t. organizations, a comparative safety is enjoyed by townsfolk at present. But no travelling about is possible. Even the soldiers, unless they go in proper convoy of at least five well-spaced vehicles, get wiped out. In the last two months, they have lost come 130 men killed, and well over a hundred wounded, nearly all in road ambushes. They lost nearly 2.0 guns to the raiders at the same time. The raiders also captured three machine guns. Only two catholics killed so far, although one of our young women stopped seven bullets, 3 m-1's and h carbine bullets, and one of the boys took one bullet through the chest, and an m-2 bullet through the ankle. Both are .ottin wall a a.ij took it in their stride. The WA advisers cannot understand now irl aid not die, as the two said to wait over three and a kif hours, before they found her. The Ju women are certainly .ade to take plenty of wear and tear. She may not won lost weight, by nor appearance. By the .a., in you can steal a "blood plasma" or two, for Catholic cat.ditions, I shall be very thankful. The two . naw, a pumped into this iri. Please r member Fr. Dawson and me to Frs. Petitpoin and Duffy. Best wishes to yourself and all the Seoul maryknollers. why /as/ Austin Sweeney