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GENERAL HEADQUARTERS FAR EAST COMMAND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE SECTION, GENERAL STAFF TABLE OF CONTENTS NO. Selected Items for the Information of Commanders and Staffs of the Far East Command DATE 2115 25 May 1948 INTELLIGENCE HIGHLIGHTS KOREA RHEE's party wins 54 National Assembly seats. Many nonpartisan candidates belong to Hankook Democratic Party. Minorities have great bargaining power. RHEE probably will be first President. **KOREA** **Military, Political, Economic, Social Situation, Press Review, Civil Intelligence, Miscellaneous** Selected Items for the Information of Commanders and Staffs of the Far East Command No. 2115 POLITICAL REPORT 1. S. Korean Election: (a) Final Results Announced: The South Korean National Election Committee (NEC) has announced that, according to the declared party affiliations of candidates on filing their petitions, the number of candidates, by political organization, for the South Korean National Assembly is as follows: National Society for the Acceleration of Korean Independence, (NSAKI) 54; Hankook Democratic Party, 29; Dai Dong Youth Corps, 13; Korean National Youth Corps, five; miscellaneous, composed of 10 small independent parties and social organizations, 11; and nonpartisans, 88. Comment: Dr. RHEE Syngman is chairman of NSAKI, KIM Soung Soo is leader of the Hankook Democratic Party, and Gen LEE Chung Chun, theoretically allied with Dr. RHEE, heads the Dai Dong Youth Corps. (b) Nonpartisans' Affiliation: The NEC has studied the political beliefs of the large group of nonpartisans and believes a more realistic breakdown of Assembly seats by party is as follows: Hankook Democratic Party, 76, (although KIM Seung Soo is claiming 84); NSAKI, 61; Dai Dong Youth Corps, 16; Korean Independence Party, headed by KIM Koo, 17; Korean National Youth Corps, 10; Moderates, 10; and miscellaneous, 10. Source Comment: If the nonpartisans affiliate with the parties as estimated by the NEC, KIM Seung Soo, with his 76 Hankook Party seats, will balance Dr. RHEE with 61 followers if RHEE is supported by the Dai Dong Youth Corp's 16 votes. This support would assure RHEE of 77 members. Neither Dr. RHEE nor KIM can achieve a majority without the assistance of the remaining smaller groups, mustering a total of 47 votes. Thus, the smaller groups will have a great bargaining power which, if properly organized and manipulated, may bring either or both KIM Koo and KIMM Kiu Sik into the new Cabinet. KIM Koo may have as many as 17 followers in the new Assembly who may listen to him in view of his recent conference at Pyongyang (Intell. Summary 2104). The Korean National Youth Corps with 10 votes is free to lend its support where it desires. The Moderate group is mixed and may contain a few individuals who support KIMM Kiu Sik. Three Moderate members are known to have had Leftist affiliations. The miscellaneous group is so diverse that their votes may go in any direction. (c) RHEE's Weakness: Dr. RHEE and KIM Seung Soo are trying to build up their groups and at present KIM's Hankook Party seems to have the advantage on Dr. RHEE. The minor parties are beginning to realize their importance in the coming struggle for political power in South Korea. Dr. RHEE's greatest weakness probably lies in the fact that to bring his voting strength up to that of the Hankook Party he must count on the 13 votes of the Dai Dong Youth Corps, whose leader, Gen LEE, has ambitions of his own and will be seeking his own supporters from among the minorities. (d) Possible Leaders: If Dr. RHEE is able to overcome the political obstacles placed in his path he is almost certain to be elected the first President of the new South Korean Government. KIM Soung Soo probably will be the Prime Minister and Gen LEE, a Cabinet member, while LEE Yun Yong, elected in Seoul, a North Korean and acting head of the Chosun Democratic Party probably will receive a Cabinet post in view of his large Christian following, his personality, and the fact that he represents many North Koreans. (a) Comment: The rumored coalition group being formed against Dr. RHEE (Intell. Summary 2111) apparently is beginning to take shape. Dr. RHEE has had many political ups and downs, but usually has managed to better himself each time. If Dr. RHEE is elected President of South Korea it will be interesting to note whether he abides by his recent statements and requests U.S. troops to remain in Korea until adequate military forces are trained to defend South Korea from attack by North Korean forces (Intell. Summary 2107). MISCELLANEOUS 2. Civil Disturbances: (Refer to Map No. 1) (a) Violence Increases: Civil disturbances in South Korea increased sharply during the latter part of April as Communists sought to intimidate and bewilder Koreans in an attempt to jeopardize the 10 May elections. (b) Additional Deaths Reported: Several deaths occurring prior to 22 Apr have not been included in previous reports (Intell. Summary 2103). They include: Chuhan (26) 15 Apr: One person was burned to death. (a) Sinam (22) 11 Apr: Three Rightists were shot to death. (b) Ho Young (28) 19 Apr: Four rioters were killed when a mob of 200 persons attacked the police. (c) Sam Dong (29) 21 Apr: One raider was killed and one wounded when raiders attacked the village. (c) Civil Disturbances 22-30 Apr: Cheju (24) 23 Apr: Police killed two raiders. Sam Yang (25) 26 Apr: One raider was killed by the police. Chochun (27) 24 Apr: A Communist was shot to death while attempting to escape from the police. (d) Singteng (30) 30 Apr: An election committeeman was killed. Ora (23) 30 Apr: A woman and a 10-year-old girl were killed.