정보참모부 주간요약보고

SOUTH KOREA From: 231200/I July 48 To : 301200/I July 48 Headquarters, USAFIK Seoul, Korea, 30 July 1948 No. 150 Maps: KOREA, 1/250,000 East ASIA, 1/1,000,000 A. ARMED FORCES 1. Strength (Secret) Police: No change Constabulary: 54,036 (including 3,765 unsworn recruits and 488 cadets) Coast Guard: 3,027 (including 240 cadets) 2. Operational Activity (Confidential) Border Incidents At 161940 July 10 North Korean Constabularyman attacked the KYOJUNG (827-1697) police sub-station. (B-2) At 230215 July a U.S. officer and NCO were fired on at approximately (930-1696). (B-2) At 252200 July a U.S. patrol was fired on by unseen persons near (1060-1690). (B-2) At 252340 July 10 North Korean Constabularyman violated the parallel near MIHEUK DONG (953.0-1695.9). They withdrew without firing. (C-3) The table shown below summarizes reported border incidents since 04 June: BORDER INCIDENTS | 4 June - 11 | 11-18 June | 18-25 June | June 25 - 2 July | 2-9 July | 9-16 July | 16-23 July | 23-30 July | TOTAL Korean vs Korean | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 25 Firing on U.S. Personnel | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 Ambushes of U.S. Personnel | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 Violations of Parallel (Soviet)* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 Violations of Parallel (Korean)* | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 Soviets vs Koreans | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 *No firing involved TOTAL | 7 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 40 3 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #150 PART I At 150800 July 4 North Koreans violated the parallel at OMAN DONG (835.4-1697.9) and stole an ox. After an exchange of notes between the South Korean police and the North Korean Constabulary, during which the Constabularymen said they would return the ox if the farmer came to the parallel to receive it, it was returned. (G-3) COMMENT: This could be in furtherance of the old Communist line — "We love everyone, but the reactionary police," which was used on CHEJU-DO. 4 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #150 PART I B. CURRENT INTELLIGENCE 1. National Assembly a. Inauguration of President and Vice-President At a special ceremony in SEOUL at 241000 July, President RHEE Syng Man and Vice-President LEE Si Yung were inaugurated. Instead of having the oath administered, each raised his right hand and read the oath. b. Rejection of Nominee for Prime Minister On the morning of 27 July, Reverend LEE Yoon Yong, President RHEE's choice for Prime Minister, was rejected by the National Assembly by a vote of 132 to 59. In an address which preceded the balloting RHEE dispelled what he termed the "tormenting suspense" in announcing his appointment of LEE Yoon Yong, assemblyman, spokesman for "4,600,000" North Korean refugees in South KOREA, and leader of the South Korean element of the CHOSUN DEMOCRATIC PARTY, whose national head, CHO Man Sik, has long been in house arrest in PYONGYANG. RHEE considered LEE "more fortunately circumstanced" than the three other individuals generally deemed more probable candidates: KIM Sung Soo, SHIN Ik Hi, and CHO So Ang. According to RHEE, KIM Sung Soo, leader of the powerful HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY, is to obtain "a place no less important than that of the Premier"; National Assembly Vice-chairman SHIN Ik Hi's "able leadership" is "badly needed" in the National Assembly; and CHO So Ang, one of the chief figures in KIM Koo's KOREAN INDEPENDENCE PARTY and prominent member of the 1919 Provisional Government, was not selected because CHO "has caused much confusion in the rightist camp" as a result of "his recent stand against general election in South KOREA." That afternoon, after LEE Yoon Yong's rejection, RHEE again appeared before the Assembly and requested additional time for him and the Assembly members to reconsider his original nomination. If the Assembly failed to concur in the appointment of LEE Yoon Yong at the end of that time, RHEE stated, perhaps he would nominate another person. The Assemblymen then debated the right of the President to ask reconsideration of a rejected appointment. A decision on this matter was not reached, and the National Assembly voted to adjourn until 30 July. COMMENT: The designation of the Prime Minister is the first major issue to confront the Assembly for which the National Assembly, as a body, appeared unprepared. Several competent observers are of the opinion that RHEE's appointee fell far short of receiving the required simple majority approval because of (1) RHEE's failure to attempt to gain the support of National Assembly whips prior to the formal presentation of LEE's name and (2) the HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY's obstinance in refusing to accept anyone but KIM Sung Soo, the chairman of their party, as Prime Minister. The rejection (1) furnishes a strong indication that President RHEE will continue to face stubborn and effective opposition from the National Assembly and (2) will stimulate the alteration of views which hold that RHEE will consistently succeed in living up to a reputation of "getting his way" merely by applying the heavy-handed tactics of a dictator. c. Further Deliberations When the Assembly reconvened at 301000 July, the Vice-chairman, SHIN Ik Hi, presiding, remarked that the confirmation of a premier was not on the agenda, which had been conspicuously posted in the Assembly hall. He then announced that he would throw the meeting open to general discussion. 5 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #150 PART I Several members took the opportunity to comment caustically on the situation and on Syng Man RHEE. After RHEE's appearance on the floor at 1045, one member compared him to the Emperor of JAPAN and dictators. RHEE addressed the Assembly for about one hour. He stated that it was not clear to him why the Assembly had rejected LEE Yoon Yong, and that he believed that the rejection was due to partisan politics, which he — and the nation— deplored as untimely. He further stated that he did not want the Assembly to reconsider their rejection of LEE Yoon Yong but only to consider who should be premier. He concluded by saying that he would submit another name, but he did not say whose or when. According to confidential sources, RHEE will actually nominate LEE Bum Suk, as has been predicted by many of the newspapers. According to the same sources, KIM Sung Soo has stated that he and the older members of the HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY in the Assembly will vote for confirmation of LEE Bum Suk, but that the younger members of the party insist that they will oppose the confirmation of anyone except KIM Sung Soo. It has also been reported that SHIN Ik Hi will oppose the nomination of anyone except CHO So Ang or himself. COMMENT: It is estimated that if RHEE can obtain the support of half of the HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY representatives and the support of his own followers, the appointment of LEE Bum Suk will be confirmed. 2. Non-Communist Opposition To Separate Governments The SOCIETY FOR THE ACCELERATION OF UNIFIED INDEPENDENCE, formed on 21 July (W/S #149, B, 2, b), selected its Central Executive and Supervisory Committees on 26 July. The more important individuals in the Society and their committee memberships are: Position Name Affiliation President KIM Koo Korean Independence Party Vice-President KIM Kyu Sik* National Independence Federation (NIF) Central Executive Committee (83 Members) Name Affiliation New Progressive KIM Boong Jun* Healthy Peoples Party LYUH Woon Hong* Social Democratic Party PAI Sung Yong National Independence Federation CHO Hun Sik Democratic Independence Party LEE Yong New Progressive Party PAK Kon Ung* National Independence Federation SIN Suk* National Independence Federation CHANG Cha Il* National Independence Federation WON Sei Hoon* Korean Farmers' Party YU Suk Hyon Democratic Independence Party LEE Tu San National Independence Federation LEE Ung Jin* Tchawn Do Kyo Young Friend SIN Ki On* National Independence Federation YUH Ki Sop* National Independence Federation SIN Yi Kyong* National Independence Federation AN U Sung * Korean Independence Party UEH Hang Sop Korean Independence Party KIH Hak Kyu Korean Independence Party KIM Yi Han Korean Independence Party * Formerly a member of the Korean Interim Legislative Assembly; walked out of KILA on separate election issues (W/S #131, I, B, 1, g). 2- KIM Kyu Sik's secretary in KILA. 6 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #150 PART I Supervisory Committee (20 Members Name Affiliation CHO Wan Ku c Korean Independence Party HWANG Hak Su c Korean Independence Party KIM Song Kyu National Independence Federation LEE Chong Kan No political affiliation LEE Kyong Hi Democratic Independence Party KIM Hong Jak National Independence Federation LEE Tong San National Independence Federation (NOTE: All parties above except the KIP belong to the NIF) On 24 July the SOCIETY dispatched letters to several of its member parties asking if their organization had participated in the "Second PYONGYANG Conference" reportedly held during 29 June to 05 July (W/S #147, I, B, 4) and stating that, an affirmative reply would result in that party's loss of membership in the SOCIETY. A reply from the KOREAN FARMERS' PARTY, an NIF affiliate, stated that the party had ousted several radical members and that these members had gone to North KOREA and announced that they were representatives of the KOREAN FARMERS' PARTY. (For North Korean preparations for a separate government, see Part II, B, 1). COMMENT: The preponderance of rightist KIP men and non-leftists of the NIF on these two committees indicates that the SOCIETY is trying to shake itself free of the stigma which leftists or Communists brought to its predecessor, the COUNCIL FOR THE UNIFIED INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT. It is evident that the KIM Koo - KIM Kyu Sik coalition is attempting to make sure that in any further deliberations with North Koreans, it will be considered non-communist and not as partially controlled by South Korean communistic "labor parties." 3. Civil Unrest During the past two weeks, acts of violence involving communists have steadily diminished. This probably attributable to recent communist directives to remain "quiet" until 15 August 1948. Contributing factors are: reorganization of the SOUTH KOREA LABOR PARTY from the national level to the basic cell, the South Korea Labor Party's present preoccupation with participating in the North Korea elections by voting and electing South Korean representatives (see Part II, B, 1), and the effect of police raids and arrests. a. Communist Violence (1) Weekly Violence Summary A summary of acts of violence involving communists for the week as reported up to 30 July is as follows: c Member of Korean Provisional Government, CHUNGKING 7 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #150 PART I [TABLE WITH COLUMNS: Seoul, Kyonggi-Do, Kangwon-Do, Chungchong-Namdo, Chungchong-Pukto, Cholla-Namdo, Cholla-Pukto, Kyongsang-Namdo, Kyongsang-Pukto, Cheju-Do, Total] Attacks on towns Attacks on police 1 1 2 Police killed Communists killed 1 2 3 Rightists killed Demonstrations, disorders, arson, & attacks on rightists 2 2 Attacks on government buildings Sabotage (communications) Sabotage (RR lines) Sabotage (roads) Sabotage (bridges) Sabotage (power) Strikes (labor) Strikes (schools) (2) Delayed Reports Covering Last Week Delayed reports of incidents that occurred during the week ending 23 July which were not carried in last week's summary (see Part I, B, 4, c, W/S #149) are: [TABLE WITH COLUMNS: Seoul, Kyonggi-Do, Kangwon-Do, Chungchong-Namdo, Chungchong-Pukto, Cholla-Namdo, Cholla-Pukto, Kyongsang-Namdo, Kyongsang-Pukto, Cheju-Do, Total] Attacks on towns Attacks on police Police killed Rightists killed Communists killed 4 4 Demonstrations, disorders, arson & attacks on rightists 1 1 Attacks on government buildings Sabotage (communications) Sabotage (RR lines) Sabotage (roads) Sabotage (bridges) Sabotage (power) Strikes (labor) Strikes (schools) 8 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #150 PART I (3) 1948 Communist Activities In South KOREA JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY* TOTAL Attacks on towns 0 0 0 5 73 9 1 88 Attacks on police 0 130 118 50 86 12 8 404 Police killed 8 33 20 15 34 4 1 107 Rightists killed 1 14 14 81 144 51 10 315 Communist killed 1 74 75 70 155 8* 22 480 Disorders, demonstrations, arson, attacks on rightists' offices & homes 6 118 65 126 196 81 24 620 Attacks on government buildings 0 9 14 2 9 3 0 37 Sabotage (communications) 14 53 58 32 57 8 1 223 Sabotage (RR lines) 1 12 6 0 8 0 1 28 Sabotage (Locomotives) 0 50 0 0 24 0 0 74 Sabotage (roads) 0 13 5 2 5 0 0 25 Sabotage (bridges) 0 6 9 5 4 0 0 24 Sabotage (power) 0 0 0 0 7 1 0 8 Strikes (labor) 0 14 6 3 16 1 0 40 Strikes (school) 0 7 5 4 9 0 0 25 Attacks on registration & election booths 0 0 0 58 68 0 0 126 b. Non-Communist Violence (1) No Rightist-inspired acts of violence were reported during the period. (2) A summary of acts of violence on the part of persons of unknown political affiliation during the period 14- 23 July 1948 is as shown below. (None were reported for the week) Seoul Kyonggi Kangwon Chungchong Cholla Pukto Cholla Nando Cholla Pukto Kyongsang Nando Kyongsang Pukto Cheju-Do Total Assassination 1 1 2 3 7 Anti-Grain Collection 1 4 1 1 7 Political Terrorism Demonstration 4 3 1 4 12 Resistance to Arrest 3 1 4 Arson 1 1 2 Unclassified 1 1 1 1 2 6 Sabotage (communication) 1 1 Sabotage (Railroad lines) Sabotage (Power) Sabotage (Bridges) Strikes (Labor) Strikes (Schools) 9 DECLASSIFIED Authority N[illegible]O745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #150 PART I CIVIL UNREST CHART HWANGHAE-DO KANGWON-DO 38' ▲Chunchon °Seoul KYONGGI-DO YELLOW SEA CHUNGCHONG N.LIDO CHUNGCHONG PUKTO Taejon ° Chonju ▲ Taegu CHOLLA PUKTO KYONGSANG-NAMDO ○ ○ ⊕ ▲Kwanju ⊕ Pusan CHOLLA NAMDO N 제주 ▲ SOUTH KOREA Cheju CHEJU-DO LEGEND ○ COMMUNISTS KILLED ⊕ COMMUNISTS ATTACKS ON POLICE 10 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #150 PART I C. WAR POTENTIAL 1. Economic - Cost of living During the period 18 - 23 July the prices of the twenty-five cost of living items checked in Seoul were unusually steady. Cereals were the only commodities showing any variance and that was slight. Wheat and barley both decreased 2%, while soy-beans and red-beans increased 8% and 1% respectively. Rice in Seoul on 30 July averaged 1028 won per small mal, an increase of 18 won over last week, and a new peak average. Cost-of-Living Items Checed in Seoul (18-23 July) (Increase (±) or (-) Decrease over previous week) Polished rice Matches Flannelette - Barley Beef Kwang-mok (cloth) - Wheat flour Pork Silk myungju (cloth) ± Soy beans Eggs Silk sook soo (cloth) ± Red beans Korean cabbage Cotton socks Dried myungtai (fish) Radishes Anthracite Sugar Rubber shoes Firewood Salt Laundry soap Charcoal Rice Price Summary - Monthly Averages Unit: 1 small mal (16.67 lbs) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE 30 JULY * SEOUL 743 746 707 655 740 895 1028 KANGWON DO 791 860 791 772 750 816 920 CHUNGCHONG PUKTO 586 657 654 600 723 ·943 CHUNGCHONG NAMDO 630 662 613 576 660 860 KYONGSANG PUKTO 541 550 502 550 583 807 KYONGSANG NAMDO 650 707 650 640 666 868 CHOLLA PUKTO 608 608 550 566 703 850 CHOLLA NAMDO 558 575 508 541 728 875 CHEJU DO 733 680 617 740 733 983 AVERAGE 648 676 619 659 706 889 SOURCE: National Price Administration, SKIG * SOURCE: Open markets (5) in Seoul. RATE OF OPEN MARKET EXCHANGE: 500 won per Military Currency dollar 1200-1300 won per U.S. dollar 2. Population a. Surrendered and Disarmed: No change: 179,376. 11 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #150 PART I b. Progress of Repatriation This Period To Date Japanese Civilians Arriving from N of 38o N'KOREA, CHINA and MANCHURIA 3 288,532 Japanese Evacuated to JAPAN 59 884,198 Total Koreans Returning 1,934* 2,147,573 Total Repatriates Moved Since 15 Aug 45 3,032,226 c. Koreans Apprehended While Attempting Illegal Entry to Japan 227 24,838 * Incomplete 12 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 V/S #150 PART I D. PSYCHOLOGICAL The Press The inauguration of RHEE was presented in the usual spirit of near reverence of both the individual and the occasion by the majority of right-wing editors. Moderate MIN JU ILBO (Democratic News), however, stated that "all the people would be deeply moved if a democratic unified government had been established." It was "regrettable," stated MIN JU, that the "ten million people in North KOREA could not participate in this government, and that the USSR, one of the world's most powerful nations, has opposed it." The editor predicted that the political and economic course of the new government "will be rough." The rejection of RHEE's nominee for the post of Prime Minister (Part I, B, 1) presented MIN JU ILBO with an opportunity to re-emphasize the necessity for appointing an uncontrolled individual who can avert the "forthcoming national crisis by unifying our country...." AHN Chai Hong's moderate HAN SUNG ILBO (Seoul Daily) described the action of the Assembly in the rejection of LEE, the "unexpected person," as "beating the air in a dark night." HAN SUNG called the outcome the result of the "first blunder of the Chief Executive." The HAN SUNG editors then scrutinized RHEE's statement and found it "difficult for any ordinary brain to understand why KIM Sung Soo should be given a position no less important than that of Premier," and that it appears SHIN Ik Hi will be "the figurehead in the legislative branch." Severest criticism was dealt CHO So Ang, who once "laughed at the influence of the neutrals and then participated in North-South Conference, and recently reversed his course again and indicated that he "would like to cooperate" with the present government because it was an outgrowth of the CHUNGKING (Provisional) Government, of which he was a part. The HAN SUNG editorial then quoted LO (NO) Ik Hwan, a HANKOOK DEMOCRATIC PARTY man in the National Assembly, as saying: "We, the members of the Assembly, feel that we have been blindly submissive to the President in the past." The editor said that RHEE is accustomed to favoring only those who say: "We are awaiting your excellency's command... Thou art awe-inspiring and thou are altogether right." HANG SUNG added: "RHEE is habitually despotic... he has thrived in an atmosphere of superiority and self-righteousness, of flattery and adulation.... He should not listen to those who have little knowledge and an abundance of deceptive words." 18 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070 XXIV CORPS G-2 W/S #150 PART I **1.** SABOTAGE AND ESPIONAGE There were no reports of sabotage or espionage activities within the reporting period. A delayed report, received during the period, stated that drinking water in a lister bag at Company "I", 2nd Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment was contaminated with rifle bore cleaner on 21 July, for the second time during the week 18 - 24 July. (B-2) 14 DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 745070