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CHEJUDO PROVINCE KUJWA MYON SONGSAN MYON CHOCHAN MYON POSUN MYON CHEJU-UP MYON NORTH-CHEJU GUN NAMIWON MYON CHEJU CITY SOUTH-CHEJU GUN SOKWI MYON AEWOL MYON CHUNGMUN MYON ANDOK MYON HALLIM MYON TAEJONG MYON CHUJA MYON GUN BOUNDARY 0 1 2 3 4 5 MILES (APPROX) DECLASSIFIED Authority [illegible] 800 ORGANIZATION OF SOUTH KOREAN LABOR PARTY, CHEJU DO CHOLLA NANDO COMMITTEE CHEJU DO COMMITTEE MILITARY BUREAU CHA WI DAI PEOPLES LIBERATION FORCES CHEJU UP MYON SPECIAL COM. (SEPO) CHEJU UP MYON GENERAL COM. MYON COMPANY(S),Bn's MYON COMPANY(S),Bn's MYON COMPANY(S),Bn's ONE UNIT FOR EACH MYON VILLAGE VILLAGE VILLAGE DISTRICT DISTRICT KOREAN DEM.PAT. ---- SK DEM.WOMENS UNION Y.L. ASS'N. ALL KOREAN COUNCIL OF LABOR UNIONS GUN GUN GUN MYON MYON MYON AEWOL MYON COMMITTEE CHOCHAN MYON COMMITTEE ANDOK MYON COMMITTEE ONE COMMITTEE FOR EACH MYON VILLAGE COMMITTEE VILLAGE COMMITTEE VILLAGE VILLAGE VILLAGE DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 841500 4.3미국자료집 3권210719.qxp_레이아웃 1 21. 7. 20. 오후 3:15 페이지 621 미국자료 III 621 REPORT on SOUTH KOREAN LABOR PARTY, CHEJU DO CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. SCOPE OF REPORT 1 III. SOUTH KOREAN LABOR PARTY 1 1. Organization 1 a. Cholla Namdo Committee 1 b. Cheju Do Committee 2 c. Cheju up myon Committee 2 d. Myon Committee 3 e. Village Committee 3 f. Peoples Committee 4 2. Military Bureau 4 a. Peoples Liberation Forces 4 (1) Organization 5 (2) Order of Battle 5 (3) Training and Security 6 (4) Political Indoctrination 6 (5) Weapons and Ammunition 7 (6) Lines of Supply 7 b. Cha Wi Dai 8 (1) Organization 8 (2) Mission 8 c. Sapo 8 (1) Organization and Mission 9 d. Affiliated Organizations 9 ENCLOSURES Organization Charts, SKLP Sketch, Cheju Do DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 947500 I. INTRODUCTION 20 June 1948 This report has been prepared based upon the verbal orders of Colonel R. H. BROWN, Commanding, Cheju Do. The bulk of the information presented in this summary has been the extracted from Interrogation Reports of various evaluation compiled by the Chaju Do Interrogation Team. Other sources included Cheju District CIC, Korean National Police, the Office of the S-2, 11th Korean Constabulay Regiment, and documents and leaflets found in possession of prisoners now detained at the civilian prisoner camp, Cheju Do. II. SCOPE OF REPORT This report is a summary of information on the present status of the SOUTH KOREAN LABOR PARTY (SKLP) on Cheju Do, its organization and chain of command, both within the party proper and its military organizations. As the largest part of the information in this report has been obtained from prisoners who had come in contact with members of the Peoples Liberation Army, i.e. the Mountain Raiders and its supporting group, the Cha Wi Dai (Self-protection Society) the paragraphs dealing with this phase of SKLP actions are presented in some detail. III. SOUTH KOREAN LABOR PARTY 1. Organization (see chart, page 10) a. CHOLLA NAMDO COMMITTEE As of this date, the activities of the SKLP on Cheju Do are directed by the CHOLLA NAMDO Provincial Party Headquarters. The CHEJU DO Committee of the SKLP receives all its directives from that Hq. b. CHEJU DO COMMITTEE From this top committee on this Island emanate all directives which are then forwarded to subordinate committees in Myons and villages, to the Military Bureau of the Peoples Liberation Army and to affiliated leftist organizations. The Cheju Do Committee of the SKLP is organized as follows: Chairman: Kim, Mu Han Vicechairman: Cho, Mong Goo DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 947500 and the following chief of sections, whose work is coordinated and controlled by Chief of Staff HYONG, Doo Kil (Literal translation of title: Chief of Staff members) Chief of Organization section : KIM, Tal San Chief of Propaganda : KIM, Hyong Kwan Chief of Farmers Section : I, Jong U Chief of Labor Section : I, Jong U Chief of Young men's Section : KIM, Kwang Gin Chief of Women's Section : KIM, Kum Soon Chief of Finance Section : KIM, Kwang Gin c. CHEJU UP MYON COMMITTEES According to information collected from various sources the key myon on CHEJU DO Island, called CHEJU UP, does not follow the organizational pattern of the eleven other myons on this island. In this, one of the largest and certainly the most populous myon on CHEJU DO, two separate Committees have been set up and are functioning, a General and a Special Committee. Both, however, receive all party directives through the CHEJU DO Committee, and their functions may be defined as follows: (1) GENERAL COMMITTEE, CHEJU UP MYON This committee, organized along the same lines as the CHEJU DO committee has jurisdiction over the "legitimate" activities of the party in the myon. It operates on the same basis and is identical in setup with the eleven other myon committees of the SKLP on the island. Its members are: Chairman: KANG, Gui Kang ViceChairman & Org. Sec: KOO, Yong Soo Chief of Staff & Gen Aff: KAH, Tae Sook Propaganda Section; KOO, Chil Chong Youngmen's Section: IM, Tae Song (2) SPECIAL COMMITTEE, CHEJU UP MYON The Special Committee of the SKLP in Cheju up myon directs the underground organization of the party in this myon ONLY. Again, the committee itself is organized on the same lines as the General Committee of Cheju up myon, and according to information available at this office, it receives all its orders from the CHEJU DO Committee. -2- DECLASSIFIED AuthorityNND947500 f. PEOPLES COMMITTEE Several Interrogation reports state that in at least one village raiders pressured the villagers into nomination, and then, by acclamation, election of a Chairman of a Peoples Committee. In this instance, the person who had served as Chairman of the Peoples Committee which was set up subsequent to Jap surrender in 1945 was elected. This voting procedure took place under the watchful eye of a group of armed raiders. The Chairman of the Peoples Committee, who is at present detained at the Cheju Do civilian prisoner camp, stated that he appointed, after the raiders left the village, a propaganda Section and a Membership Section Chief, as ordered by the raiders( see below 2. Military Bureau (3) Training and Security , for details) 2. MILITARY BUREAU NOTE: One source claimed that the name of this Bureau was changed to Fighting Committee for National Salvation in early April 1948. This report will Continue to use the term Military Bureau. INTRODUCTION The Armed Forces of the SKLP of Cheju Do are directed by the Military Bureau of the Peoples Liberation Forces. Two major components exist, the Peoples Liberation Forces( or Emancipation Forces, one Korean word carries both connotations) and the CHA WI DAI( Self-protection Society). Themembers of the Peoples Liberation Army are the Mountain Raiders and they may be compared with first line combat troops. The CHA WI DAI fulfills the functions which in a standard army are taken over by the Services of Supply with the addition that this organization acts as manpower replacement pool for the Mountain Raiders and is responsible for liaison between villages and raider camps. a. PEOPLES LIBERATION FORCES, (MOUNTAIN RAIDERS) Small groups of raider forces were organized and lived in former Jap military installations located on the slopes of HALL IM mountain prior to January 1948. According to Police reports, one of the first reports of large-scale military training was received early in February 1948, when 300 raiders were reported training in the hills of AEWOL ( see sketch, Cheju Do) Myon. Dynamite, supplies of food and civilian clothing were found at the training site. -4- DECLASSIFIED Authority [illegible] Since then, raider have been active all over this island, killing non-supporters, burning homes, taking prisoners and terrorizing the countryside. (1) ORGANIZATION All reports agree that each Myon of Cheju Do has furnished enough personnel to staff at least one company of raiders who are now on active duty. These companies, and Battalions, often have adopted the name of their native village or town. Depending on such intangibles as the pressure exerted by the Constabulary, sudden action of the Police, the number of personnel at any one raider camp varies constantly. (2) ORDER OF BATTLE Based on information collected from all sources, the following composite picture of the average T/O of raider units may be drawn up: UNIT STRENGTH Battalion, one or more for each myon 60 to 80 Company, Two companies per Battalion 25 to 35 Platoon, Two platoons per company 13 to 15 Squads, Two squads per platoon 5 to 7 There is evidence that Battalion Commanders have staff sections, with intelligence, ordnance, supply and medical sections identified. One report stated that when subject( of that report) became ill while serving with the raiders, he was visited daily by a physician, who administered medicine and gave injections, but that no separate hospital building existed. Company Commanders are assisted by Deputy Commanders for Political Affairs which is typical of all armies who are influenced or patterned after the Soviet Army. One informant who served as cook in a camp, stated that his unit consisted of about 80 men, with this group divided into one Battalion of two companies and one Mobile Combat Unit ( Ke Dong Poo Dae) with the latter moving only upon the direct orders of the Commanding General of the raiders. Officers are usually identified by Jap-type pistols and steel helmets, and in most cases, by Jap-type officer swords. NOTE: One document, which was taken from SKLP liaison man, was printed in a form of a general information bulletin , apparently for dissemination to all units stated that" ... Steel helmets will no longer be worn"... -5- DECLASSIFIED Authority [illegible] Salutes are not rendered and no insignia, identifications, or other military emblem have been reported. Raiders address eachother as "Comrade" ( Tong Mu). (3) TRAINING AND SECURITY Reports differ somewhat on the extent of military discipline and training practiced at raider camps. One report stated that "... Three rollcalls are taken daily, with men billeted together lining up in column of two in front of their quarters to be counted by commander, and that after morning rollcall rigorous physical training was scheduled, with men on the run for about one hour. Reports referring to another camp included the statement that only household duties such as collecting wood, making charcoal and carrying provisions from supply caches were accomplished while in camp. Guards ( Korean: PIKEE, Lookout) are posted at the entrance of most camps, with two checkpoints, about 100 yards apart, reported at one raider camp. One report stated that a rigid separation of all men stationed in one building was enforced, with these men, all of them new arrivals, ordered not to leave the immediate vicinity of their billets. Buildings at this camp were spaced about 100 yards apart, and report went on to say that no personal contact was established between occupants of adjacent buildings. Only when actually going out on a raid was personnel of several buildings lined up in column of two, rollcall was taken, and weapons and ammo issued. (4) POLITICAL INDOCTRINATION Political officers attached to raider units constantly stress the aims of the SKLP and urge personnel, especially prior to raid to accept as utter truth such statements as "... all persons in a certain village are worthless, deserve to be killed, and are traitors to the Korean Peoples Republic"...Detailed instructions were given by Political officers in case of capture by Police or Constabulary , which included such warnings as not to reveal location of camp, number of personnel and to mislead and lie. Carefully prepared, written, instructions are furnished to unit commanders concerning " Agitation-Propganda" activities, with each step carefully considered should raiders decide, as they have done frequently, to call a mass meeting -6- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 947500 of all villagers, who then will be addressed by the commander of the raiders. Such questions as: "Will not indoor meetings be hazardous?" are asked on the instruction sheet and answers are given in detail. Apparently for security reasons officers, according to several reports, are not addressed by name but simply as: Commander... ( Chi Hwi Kwan ) (5) WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION US and Japanese-made firearms are used by raiders, with a preponderance of equipment of Jap manufacture, in the main, Jap 99 rifles. Presence of US carbines and M-1 rifles has been ascertained, and one report stated that a Mobile Combat Unit consisting of about 25 men, was armed with 10 US carbines and 15 Jap 99 rifles. Ammo was furnished, in almost all reported instances, only when actual raid was planned, and then each rifle carrying raider was handed from 20 to 50 rounds, with orders to return unused ammo after raid. Parts of Jap machine guns, in deteriorated condition, have been found at camps which were raided by Constabulary. Additional weapons carried by raiders include Jap officer swords, bayonets, spea-like long daggers concealed as walking sticks or short clubs, and bamboo spears. No Soviet made equipment has been recovered within the last three weeks, nor has its presence been mentioned by all sources contacted. (6) LINES OF SUPPLY Close liaison is maintained by all raiders with its "parent" agency, the SKLP in the villages of its myon, which furnishes, on a previously arranged schedule, foodstuffs, clothing, money, personnel replacements, orders and information. The unit of the SKLP responsible for liaison and supply of the raiders in the CHA WI DAI. b. CHA WI DAE (Self Protection Society ) This organization, part and parcel of the SKLP was formed throughout Cheju Do on village level about February 1948 and changed its name early in May 1948 to IN MIN CHA WI DAI (Peoples Self Protection Society ) (1) ORGANIZATION Ostensibly formed to protect the village -7- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 4H7500 From the activities of the raiders, this organization is, in effect, the homebase, the supply dump of shifty raider units. It is like the organization which it supports, organized along military lines, with officers (leaders) for each village district of street, and platoons and squads. The direction of the village CHA WI DAI is in the hands of the village committee chairman of the SKLP. (2) MISSION Mission of the CHA WI DAI is not what its name implies. Instead of protecting the villages from the attacks of the raiders, the CHA WI DAI actively takes part in terror attacks and joins the raiders when a unit makes a strike against the village. Warning is issued only when the Constabulary or the Police are in the vicinity. Members of the CHA WI DAI perform tasks of supply organization which has been commissioned to keep an army in the field. Collections of foodstuffs and monies are made periodically, and such collections are turned over to the chairman of the local SKLP committee for delivery to liaision men of the raider units. Meticulous records, which have been taken from former members of the CHA WI DAI, state when and what and by and from whom certain amounts were collected, with future delivery schedules set down on paper. One report stated that two raiders actually served as district leaders of the CHA WI DAI and that, through them, closest liaison was maintained between the raider myon unit and the village organization of the SKLP. Sources contacted could not furnish information regarding CHA WI DAI organization on myon level. All agree that up to this date, only village and district (within village) organizations seem to be functioning. c. SEPO (SUBVERSIVE CELLS) (1) MISSION AND ORGANIZATION Every effort is made by the SKLP to place its agents and informants into such listening posts as Government offices and law enforcement agencies, Schools and rightist groups. NOTE: One document, not dated but apparently printed since Constabulary drive started stated in substance that .... members (of the SKLP) serving as Policemen should be especially alert during these tense days.. -8- DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 947500 As stated above, when the mission of the Special Committee of Cheju Up Myon was discussed, it is the task of these informants not only to observe and report, i.e. adopt a kind of passive role, but to proceed actively to organize a subversive cell ( SEPO) It is not known whether members of this fifth column organization report to the local Chairman of the village or myon, or if they report through special, as yet unidentified channels to the Cheju Do Committee of the SKLP. No information is available at present which supports the contention that the Special Committee of Cheju Up Myon directs the activities of this subversive organization throughout the Island. d. AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS The parties listed below, nominally independent leftist groups, support the policies of the SKLP and many of their members hold dual memberships. KOREAN DEMOCRATIC PATRIOTIC YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION ( MIN AI CHUNG) SOUTH KOREAN DEMOCRATIC WOMEN'S ( NAN CHOSEN MIN JOO UNION YUH CHA DONG MAING) ALL KOREAN COUNCIL OF LABOR UNIONS ( CHUN PYUNG) R. Hunger, T/Sgt G-2 XXIV Corps -9DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 947500